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I. Causes

I. Causes. Contain Communism Domino Theory U.S. = defender of democracy Vietnamese desire for independence. Ho Chi Minh.

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I. Causes

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  1. I. Causes • Contain Communism • Domino Theory • U.S. = defender of democracy • Vietnamese desire for independence

  2. Ho Chi Minh

  3. “The consequences of the 1 November coup d'état will be contrary to the calculations of the U.S. imperialists ... Diệm was one of the strongest individuals resisting the people and Communism. Everything that could be done in an attempt to crush the revolution was carried out by Diệm. Diệm was one of the most competent lackeys of the U.S. imperialists  ... Among the anti-Communists in South Vietnam or exiled in other countries, no one has sufficient political assets and abilities to cause others to obey. Therefore, the lackey administration cannot be stabilized. The coup d'état on 1 November 1963 will not be the last.”

  4. II. The War • U.S. takes over for defeated French • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1964 • LBJ could take all necessary measures to repel attacks against U.S. forces • LBJ could send troops into combat without declaration of war of Congress’ approval • U.S. fights against guerrilla war

  5. Protests: Hawks  military victory • Doves  opponents to war • student protests and draft dodgers

  6. U.S. Escalation   military • Attrition  kill enough enemy to break their will to fight • TET Offensive • U.S. people realized the end of war was not in sight •  protests of war

  7. Nixon elected in 1968 = Vietnamization • slowly turn war over to South Vietnamese • slowly pullout U.S. troops

  8. My Lai Massacre = military soldiers killed innocent civilians =  anti war movement (war protests)

  9. Bombing Cambodia = Nixon’s plan without approval of Congress = U.S. attempt to destroy supply lines from Cambodia to N. Vietnam

  10. War Powers Act 1973 • Congress overrides Nixon’s veto • Congress must support all wars • repeals Tonkin Resolution • President must inform Congress of troop deployment within 2 days • troops are to withdrawn after 60 days unless approval by Congress

  11. III. Effects: • U.S. pulls out = longest war and only defeat • Communist take over Vietnam • Laos, Cambodia fall to communism • Vietnam syndrome • U.S. afraid to deploy troops overseas • afraid of another long, costly war

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