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Global Positioning System. Introduction. Technical description Organisational structure Economics. Satellites constellation. Triangulation. Technical specifications. Organization. IGEB (Interagency GPS Executive Board). No direct user fees for civil use
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Introduction • Technical description • Organisational structure • Economics
Organization • IGEB (Interagency GPS Executive Board). • No direct user fees for civil use • Protect the spectrum from disruption and interference • Open public signal structure and market competition • Use of standards • Global compatibility & interoperability • Security issues against misuse (national and international)
Conclusions • GPS is a mature system governed by consistent policies • Constant will and actions to improve the system in order to satisfy the users (both civilian and military)
Frequency Issues • Is there still any realistic scenario in witch GPS would be withdrawn and Galileo would continue independently ? • What could be the consequence of a jamming in signal because of Galileo ? > Galileo and GPS signal will be lost ... • Negotiation with each covered country for the use of frequency spectrum
Numerous actors involved • Entropy in decisions • Private / Public Partnership • How own decision in case of disagreement ? • Risk : decrease in quality of services
Gallileo = A project • Yet some decision by the European Commission : a lot of decision postponed, some term like “cheer up”, … • Optimal performance not immediate • Depend of profitableness …→
Profitableness • Would Gallileo not arrive too late : market increase today, Gallileo arrives tomorrow • Based on three incomes : • Royalties on chipset : would the increase of performance that add Gallileo to GPS justify the increase of price of the receiver • Assisted GNSS • Authentication Quite few and in competition with GPS
Projection of the market view by Gallileo! WHERE IS GPS !!!!
US leadership • A joint Japan-US since 1998 • NATO • Conflict US – Europe ???
The future of GPS • GPS L1 Signal for civil use • In collaboration with users • QZSS • DGPS • GPS 3
GPS 3 • More accurate • Horizontal : 0.5 m up to 0.2 m • Vertical : 1.1 m • Time delay 1.3 nSec • Better integrity and reliability • Available from 2005
Conclusion • GPS is a mature system ! • Stunned success !!! • Countless innovations !