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Human Origins:

Human Origins:. Humanity Before Civilization. Early Man/Hominids:. Appeared about 4 million years ago (mya) Bipedal (walked on two feet) All are members of the human family tree Walking on two legs means having hands free to do other things. What would be some advantages of this?

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Human Origins:

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  1. Human Origins: Humanity Before Civilization

  2. Early Man/Hominids: • Appeared about 4 million years ago (mya) • Bipedal (walked on two feet) • All are members of the human family tree • Walking on two legs means having hands free to do other things. What would be some advantages of this? • -ability to carry objects and young • -ability to make/use tools • -self defense/weapons

  3. Early Man/Hominids: • Australopithecus afarensis: -Approximately 3.2 million years old -Found in Africa -Represented by the famous “Lucy” fossil remains -Oldest conclusive evidence of bipedalism (walking on two feet)

  4. Early Man/Hominids: • Homo habilis: -Approximately 2.5 million years old -Found in Africa -Nicknamed “handy man” because first to make and use tools (from stone)

  5. Early Man/Hominids: • Homo erectus: -Approximately 2 million years ago -First to leave Africa and enter Europe and Asia -Walked completely upright (like us), made tools from stone, bone and wood -First to use fire

  6. Give four examples of the usage of fire during the Stone Age. • 1) warmth/light to migrate into colder climates • 2) to scare off wild animals/predators • 3) to cook food (more efficient) • 4) to harden/sharpen tools

  7. Homo sapiens: • Homo sapiens means “man who thinks”. • Humans now hunters, rather than hunted Two types of Homo sapiens, both about 250 000 years old: A) Homo sapiens neanderthalis (Neanderthals): -Found in Europe -Sloped skull, broad noses, thick eyebrow ridges -Short and stocky body frame -Organized hunter-gatherers but mostly hunters Methods: a) pitfall traps, b) use of bogs and deep stream banks (surround and chase into) -Lived short lives -Were social, cared for sick, buried dead -Died out approximately 30 000 years ago

  8. Homo sapiens: • B) Homo sapiens sapiens, a.k.a. Cro-Magnons: -Entered Europe from Africa about 40 000 years ago, but still found around the world today (us) Skull and body shape like us today. -Organized hunter-gatherers with better tools, weapons, shelters etc • Traded stone tools over long distances • Using tools of stone, bone, wood, ivory, horns • Making beads, ornaments, needles, fishing hooks, bows and arrows Very social, cared for sick and buried dead (probably superior language compared to Neanderthals).

  9. See page 18 for diagrams • Brain/skull size increases throughout each species, teeth also become closer in shape and size to ours. • Indicates increase in language areas in the brain as well as change in diet etc.

  10. See pages 20 and 21: • 1) Why did the Neanderthals disappear about 30 000 years ago? (4 possible reasons given) • A) Conquered /Killed by modern humans • B) Bred/mixed with modern humans • C) Were outcompeted by modern humans • D) Died due to exposure to diseases brought to them by newcomers (such as modern humans)

  11. See pages 20 and 21: • 2) How did the Cro-Magnons enter into the Americas about 30 000 years ago? • At that time, sea level was lower due to water being “locked up” in glaciers covering much of Europe and North America. As the ice retreated (melted), they were able to cross the Bering Strait and enter the Americas. • (Image on next slide)

  12. Key Developments of Modern Man: A) Bipedalism: -Hands free to carry objects and young over long distances, shape and use tools (food, clothing etc), and shape and use weapons for defense B) Opposable thumbs: -Better grasp, more dexterity for making and using tools etc.

  13. Key Developments of Modern Man: C) Control of Fire: -Warmth/light to migrate into colder climates, defense, cook food, harden and sharpen tools D) Tools/weapons: -Became hunters instead of the hunted E) Speech/language: -Ability to work together closely(cooperate), share culture and knowledge

  14. Provide definitions for: • 1) Hominids • 2) Anthropologist • 3) Fossils • 4) Artifacts • 5) Evolution • 6) Primary documents • 7) Paleontologist • 8) Archaeology

  15. The Tasaday of Mindanao: • Nova: The Lost Tribe • 9 minutes

  16. Darwin and Evolution: • Bill Nye on Evolution • Bill Nye Part 2

  17. The Scopes Trial: • Inherit the Wind

  18. Crossword Puzzle Answers: • Across: • 6. evolution • 8. civilization • 11. Africa • 14. Neanderthals • 19. primary documents • 20. CroMagnons • 21. Scopes

  19. Crossword Puzzle Answers: • Down: • 1. hominid • 2. fossils • 3. Darwin • 4. Homo habilis • 5. Lucy • 7. natural selection • 9. Paleontologist • Down: • 10. Archaeology • 12. Anthropologists • 13. bipedal • 15. Homo erectus • 16. Homo sapiens • 17. Tasaday • 18. artifacts

  20. Ardipithecusramidus • Ardi • Science daily article

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