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Social Learning and Entrepreneurship

Research Topics in Sustainable Development Seminar Center for International Development, Kennedy School of Government Harvard University, 10 December 2003. Social Learning and Entrepreneurship. A Framework for Analyzing the Equator Initiative and the 2002 Equator Prize Finalists.

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Social Learning and Entrepreneurship

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  1. Research Topics in Sustainable Development Seminar Center for International Development, Kennedy School of Government Harvard University, 10 December 2003 Social Learning and Entrepreneurship A Framework for Analyzing the Equator Initiative and the 2002 Equator Prize Finalists Calestous Juma and Vanessa Timmer 10 December 2003 Center for International Development Kennedy School of Government Harvard University

  2. Overview • Implementing the Global Sustainable Development Agenda • Social Learning and the Equator Initiative • Entrepreneurship and the 2002 Equator Prize Finalists

  3. Sustainable Development

  4. Evolution of the Sustainable Development Agenda • Awareness • Consensus • Integration • Operations

  5. Implementing the Global Sustainable Development Agenda “concrete actions and measures at all levels” • two types of official outcomes • Type One: • Political Declaration • Plan of Implementation • Type Two: • Partnerships “involve all relevant actors… to achieve widely shared goals of sustainable development”

  6. Social Learning and the Equator Initiative

  7. We must face up to an inescapable reality: the challenges of sustainability simply overwhelm the adequacy of our response. With some honorable exceptions, our responses are too few, too little and too late. - Kofi Annan We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century

  8. Nature of the Challenge • growing complexity • uncertainty • diversity of actors and perspectives • knowledge intensive

  9. In order to bridge this gap between the growing complexity of the challenge and our response humanity has to draw on its ability to learn

  10. Learning to implement the sustainable development agenda is a social process of knowledgeacquisition, distribution, interpretation and retention, and of actionbased on this knowledge across multiple actors in society Social Learning

  11. Social Learning • social psychology • learning of collective entities • organizations • society

  12. For the analytical framework: Social Learning is defined as increasing the awareness and enhancing the capacity of social systems to operationalize the global sustainable development agenda

  13. The Equator Initiative is a manifestation of society’s aim to learn how to implement sustainable development: • How to • meet human development needs • while protecting the earth’s life support systems

  14. The Equator Initiative is designed to reduce poverty through the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the equatorial belt by fostering, supporting and strengthening community partnerships. forging a global movement for poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation

  15. Alvaro Umana, UNDP Environmentally Sustainable Development Group Sean Southey, Equator Initiative Manager “The Equator Initiative is wanting to lead the way to a better understanding of how conservation efforts can support wider work to achieve sustainable human development.”

  16. Seven Activities of the Equator Initiative: • Equator Prize • Learning Exchanges • Eco-entrepreneur mentoring • People and Protected Areas (World Heritage Sites) • Making the community to policy connection • Public Awareness Campaign • Research and Learning

  17. Entrepreneurship and the 2002 Equator Prize Finalists

  18. The Equator Initiative Prize the biennial Equator Prize is awarded to recognize outstanding communities from developing countries in the tropics that demonstrate in practical terms how efforts to conserve biodiversity can also reduce poverty • For the 2002 Equator Prize: • received 420 nominations from 77 countries • selected 27 as finalists • awarded 7 with the Equator Prize and $30,000 US at the World Summit on Sustainable Development

  19. Comparative Case Study Research • Columbia University • Harvard University • International Development Research Centre • International Institute for Environment and Development • Washington University • University of Manitoba • York University Indicators of poverty reduction / conservation Community organization Cross-scale linkages

  20. Analytical Framework We propose that the effectiveness of local partnership in advancing sustainable development can be analyzed through focusing on: entrepreneurship • builds on development literature, social and civic entrepreneurship • expand beyond eco-entrepreneurship activity in Equator Initiative • enables an analysis of the evolution of an innovation over time

  21. Evolution of an Innovation Over Time an effective local partnership: • is initiated and guided by an entrepreneur or entrepreneurial team • develops institutional capacity to adaptively manage and learn to address problems • increases its capacity to learn over time through creating learning processes and structures • expands its influence over time to contribute to increased capacity of larger social systems to respond to complex sustainable development problems

  22. Entrepreneur • Characteristics of the Entrepreneur • Willingness to learn • Innovative / Imaginative • Systems thinker • Works with difference • Capacity to synthesize • Communicator • Entrepreneurial Activity • Creating value through innovation • Gap filling and bricolage • Risk-taking • Takes the initiative • Knowledge and Action are intertwined

  23. Innovation and the Learning Process • Adaptive Management • establish institutions & partnerships • mobilize people and resources • creating learning structure & process • Learning Process (Korten, 1980) • Learning to be effective • Learning to be efficient • Learning to expand • Social Learning • sustainability and transferability • scaling up, scaling out • societal transformation

  24. as society is grappling with how to implement the global sustainable development agenda local partnerships provide critical information into this social learning process

  25. The Equator Initiative as Incubator • nurturing and facilitating entrepreneurship by • searching for entrepreneurs and latent civic will • serving as networks of support • providing seed funding, training, technology, advice • facilitating the creation of networks of entrepreneurs • providing public relations and cross-scale linkages the equivalent of civic venture capitalists for high-risk and potentially high-reward areas

  26. Next Steps Develop the analytical framework based on further research and feedback - CBD COP 7 Malaysia - February 2004 Generate the final version of the research questions Send research questions and draft case study reports to 2002 Equator Prize Finalists Select five cases for further analysis and telephone interviews Draft analytical and case study chapters for review

  27. Thank you 

  28. Cases: the 27 Finalists for the 2002 Equator Prize • LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN • Toledo Institute for Development and Environment (TIDE) - Belize • Associação Vida Verde da Amazônia (AVIVE) - Brazil • Bolsa Amazonia - Brazil • Cananéia Oyster Producers Cooperative - Brazil • Couro Vegetal da Amazônia Project - Brazil • Inter-institutional Consortium for Sustainable Agriculture on Hillsides / River Cabuyal Watershed Users Association (CIPASLA - ASOBESURCA) - Colombia • Empresa Forestal Integral de Bayamo - Cuba • Organización Manejo Y Conservación, S. C. / WCS-Guatemala - Guatemala • Café de la Selva - Mexico • Programa de Campesino a Campesino, Siuna (PCaC) - Nicaragua • Ese'eja Native Community of Infierno - Peru • WORLD HERITAGE SITES • Iniciativa Talamanca - Costa Rica • Asociación de Comunidades Forestales de Petén (ACOFOP) - Guatemala • Mosquitia Pawisa Agency for the Development of the Honduran Mosquitia (MOPAWI ) - Honduras • AFRICA • Support Group for Conservation and SustainableDevelopment Initiatives (CACID)- Cameroon • Mohéli Marine Park - Comores • Honey Care Africa Ltd. - Kenya • Il Ngwesi Group Ranch - Kenya • Association of Manambolo Natives (FITEMA) - Madagascar • HASHI Soil Conservation Project - Tanzania • Suledo Forest Community - Tanzania • ASIA AND PACIFIC • Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area Network - Fiji • Medicinal Plants Conservation Centre - India • Kerala Kani Samudaya Kshema Trust - India • Tribal Communities of the Jeypore Tract of Orissa - India • Uma Bawang Resident's Association (UBRA) - Malaysia • CBIRD Center, Sub Tai - Thailand

  29. FITEMA (Madagascar) DINA – traditional land use flexible enough for a new era Elders Benevolent guardians

  30. Kerala Kani Trust (India) Dr. Pushpangadan and the Kani

  31. Parc Marin de Moheli (Comoros) marine biodiversity area

  32. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (India) 8 tribal communities MSSRF (boundary organization) Government policy

  33. Honey Care Africa (Kenya)

  34. Uma Bawang Resident’s Assoc. (Malaysia) GIS mapping Traditional knowledge

  35. Couro Vegetal da Amazonia (Brazil) Local community partnership with 200 indigenous and rubber tapper families Nawa Institute

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