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From Service Learning to Social Entrepreneurship

From Service Learning to Social Entrepreneurship. Pr. Kao, Ming Rea( 高明瑞 ); Sheu, Margarita ( 許淮之 ) Wenzao Ursuline College of Languages, Taiwan. Agenda. ＊ Background of Service Learning ＊ Catholic Universities in Taiwan: Contribution and Development on Holistic Education with Action

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From Service Learning to Social Entrepreneurship

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  1. From Service Learning to Social Entrepreneurship Pr. Kao, Ming Rea(高明瑞); Sheu, Margarita (許淮之) Wenzao Ursuline College of Languages, Taiwan

  2. Agenda ＊ Background of Service Learning ＊ Catholic Universities in Taiwan: Contribution and Development on Holistic Education with Action ＊ Service Leaning in Taiwan’s Higher Education ＊ Service Learning ＆ Social Entrepreneurship ＊ From Service Learning to Social Entrepreneurship ＊ Academia Future Development

  3. On 1990: Bush signed the 『Federal National and Community Service Act』 • On 1993: Clinton signed the 『National and Community Service Act 』 • UN: 2001, announced “the year of volunteer” • 2001 , Taiwan Volunteer Act: encouragement for higher educational institutions to conduct service learning program Serving The movement of volunteering • 2007: Taiwan, Officially graduate requirement for higher education(compulsory) Volunteering Service learning

  4. Service Learning Development of Catholic Universities in Taiwan Academic Affair: 2000:Volunteering providence 2007:Service Learning Center formally established Mission Department 1997:Promote service learning –oriented pedagogy 2008: formally established learning center Student Affair: 2002:Service learning curriculum projective team 2007.10.01:Service learning office was establishment

  5. Evolution of Service Learning Program in Taiwan’s Higher Education (1/3) • Experimental pedagogy with five steps: • 1. preparation 2. execution • 3. performance 4. reflection • 5. celebration • Definition of service learning: • Vehicle of social citizenship • Experiential Pedagogy • Civic Involvement • Seed Founding Program

  6. Evolution of Service Learning Program in Taiwan’s Higher Education (2/3) Learning embedded in service: transformation to experiential pedagogy, neither labor service/activity-orientation program Service learning: the bridge for the youth to utilize academic knowledge to practical world by participation & involvement To do is to learn, to see is to believe (social problem discovering, identifying, solving) Seed founding program : through the voluntary participation to serve, engage civicness, emotional affection

  7. Evolution of Service Learning Program in Taiwan’s Higher Education (3/3) Passive to Active Subsidizing to Fundraising (self-drive) Labor Service to Professional Service Domestic Service to International Service Pedagogy to Education Education to Collective Actions Movement aims to Social Change

  8. Fu Jen service teams

  9. Providence service teams

  10. Wenzao service teams

  11. For clarifying the issues and better understanding, we conduct a research • Purpose: evaluating the service learning programs in Taiwan’s higher education, emerging the social entrepreneurship for social changes and public goods • Experience accumulation/cooperation/collaboration • Direction • Myth and gap • Future development

  12. Institutional factors institutional context , faculty support & involvement, student participation, community cooperation Civicness Frame work of the research Service Learning Programs + -- H1 H3 Individual factors altruism, social relationship, qualification acquition, personal growth, while away. event-orientation Social Entrepreneurship +-- + H2 H4

  13. Researching • Survey with interview: • F: 80.5%, M: 19.5% • Part time/non: 33.6%: 66.4% • Age: 19-20 : 63.7%, 21-22: 17.7% H1: The institutional factors will contribute as impact factors to service learning programs. H2: The individual factors of student volunteers will influence the willingness of student participation to service learning programs. H3: Service learning program acts as important role to foster collective social civicness H4: Service learning program inspires students to recognize the social problem and the willingness to help in the future

  14. Descriptive Statistics(Satisfaction vs. partnership)

  15. Correlations of partnership

  16. Descriptive Statistics regarding motivation and satisfaction

  17. Correlations of individual motivation

  18. Correlations the limit and negative impact

  19. Steps of service learning

  20. steps on service learning

  21. Civicness that has been generated from S.L

  22. Myths and Gaps of Service Learning Compulsories: caused the challenge and criticism Non-Volunteering writes off the sum of the positive motivations/momentums The role of service learning center needs to be re-identified: resources bricolage and management Governmental policy support with clear direction Self-drive ( e.g. catholic culture and spiritembeddedness ) Service without Learning

  23. Social Entrepreneurship • The emerging and vigorous research work on social entrepreneurship, scholars are working to define the boundary and legitimacy with difficulties. But still…. • Four approaches to define( Dacin, Dacin and Matear , 2010 ) • Motivation/personality • Process/activities • Organizations • Performance/Mission

  24. Conventional Institutional Positioning social entrepreneurship from the organizational/mission approach( ) Cultural Social

  25. Social entrepreneurship 1. “collective actors can disengage the context of the society by acting for a change” (Hardy & Maguire, 2008) 2. “increase the social good either by transforming the behavior, belief, and participation, aggressively learn skill, concept, and taking action as the social problem solver (Weerawardena and Mort, 2005) 3. “commercial models are used as the vehicle by which the social objects are achieved (Nicholls, 2006, Thompson, 2006)

  26. Development of social entrepreneurship UK: focus more the commercialization of NPOs, private initiatives that intends to deliver public welfare (embedded in the third sector) US. : collective entrepreneurship on the organizational level Taiwan: will be different under unique society context and dynamic contingency Friendly and constructive dialogues among different regions

  27. Social enterprises six fields Bottom line Innovative approach social Welfare and health Education and training Economic development Social justice /political change environmental Disaster relief/international aid economic Environmental planning/management Market oriented action

  28. Social Enterprise Build for social goods as NPOs, charity of business organization as CSR, and Social enterprise

  29. Academia Social Entrepreneurship • Too paths(approaches): • 1. service learning: civicness activism • 2. education of social entrepreneurship • Non-profit organization • Corporate social responsibility (ethics) CSR • Social enterprises (Fu Jen/ Providence) • Social Entrepreneurship

  30. The beauty of service learning is matching with the goal of social entrepreneurship 1. social goods 2. civicness 3. innovative approach 4. mean not the end practical pedagogy 5. ideology for better global citizenship

  31. Social Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship All of us The mission of Catholic Universities is Matching with the Trend of the Global Educationalization Conventional Capitals Social rationality all Social problems Networks us Economic rationality Civicness you Self interests Service learning me

  32. Cooperativeness of Three Catholic Universities • Leverage the resources: serious of speeches regarding social entrepreneurship • Fu Jen: Taiwan Social Enterprise Innovation Association: Professor. Jer San, Hu • Providence: Professor Chia Hung, Dan; and Pr. Wang • Wenzao: Professor Ming Rea, Kao

  33. Fu Jen: Taiwan Institute of Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship(2000.04) Coordinator and initiator for social enterprise research and practical implementation Devotee of promoting social enterprise management in order to upgrade the atmosphere of the social goods Enhance the function through cooperation with academia, business, government, and social welfare associations.

  34. Public Welfare Lectures and Speeches Taichung: speeches among those educational institutions for promoting the idea and increase the impact of social enterprises as well as social entrepreneurship

  35. Kaohsiung Association of Social Enterprise • Founded on 2011 by Professor Kao • Cooperated with the Taipei, Taichung with the mission of • Consulting and assistance the development of social entrepreneurship for social goods and societal sustainability • Concerning and assisting the development of environmental-friendly cooperations

  36. Brunch Caffe Italiano: General Manager Shi, experienced business managers • Founder:. on 2009 with experience of running a coffee shop, establish a sheltered workshop to provide the disables with opportunity of “self-reliance” • 2010, he built up another sheltered workshop • Standard operational procedure (SOP) • Working value • Life value • Self-help, self-drive to work

  37. Taiwan Farmer – Wang Shunyu, educated master with the ability of innovative problem solving ability • Veterinary • 1999.09.21 earthquake caused him to go back hometown by taking over the operating the family business -- farm • Tips: • Focus on exporting • Organic and non-toxic products with international certificates • Marketing strategy with identify the un-satisfied market needs • Organics village with promotion of eco tourism

  38. Injured-Wing AngelsAssociation Too girls who are social entrepreneurs with passions, without formal skill and training to run a social enterprises…… More than 20 years, one is majoring in electricity, while the other is a fashion designer, founding with US$70,000 (about), to establish this shelter factory

  39. Never figure out the procedure, governmental regulation, without too much donation, but break even through hard work – they are working and fighting to survive No paycheck for two years, with lots of hats and complains with the hope of self-reliance

  40. Operation models: Professional? Passional? Mask, uniform, bags, sporting wear, coat , jacket, drain cover, and even homepage design…….

  41. To train, to teach, to survive for one singe belief: self-reliance, self-dignity

  42. Solutions and Managerial Techniques -- trial and error, persist and insist

  43. Educationalization of Service Learning and Social Entrepreneurship Enhanced the function of service learning Provide another choices besides economic rationality– self interest/ economic utility Activating the teaching pedagogy Seeding our youth through education for better society (social rationality: profit is the mean, not the end) Leverage the resources of holistic education with practical theory and applicable technique, skill, and knowledge

  44. Emerging social entrepreneurship within the campus, cooperating service leaning with social entrepreneurship Emphasizing holistic education as well as th spirit of service with religious belief and background (catholic universities) Cooperating with service learning program to maximize the resources of holistic and social entrepreneurship education Achieving service learning by civicness and social entrepreneurship, catalyzing service learning Self-driving educationalization instead of compulsory requirement Seed founding within the academic institutions: sustainability

  45. Acknowledgement Academia Social entrepreneurs Fu Jen University: Father Yan (嚴任吉), DirectorPan(潘榮吉)Pr. Hu (胡哲生),Pr. Leen(林耀南), and Pr. Kuo(郭國泰) Providence University:Sister Anne Therese, Director Hu (胡蓓憶), Pr. Teng (鄧嘉宏), Pr. Wang (王友民) Wenzao College: Director Tsao (曹志誠), Director Chen (陳靜佩) Taiwan Farmer: Wang Shunyu Brunch Caffe Italiano (General Shi) Injured Wing AngelsAssociation: Ms. Leen and Ms. Tsai

  46. Love to giveServe to learnEducate youth to solve social problem, aim to social change “Contribution by Catholic Higher Education to Sustainable Development in Modern World: From Service Learning to Social Entrepreneurship”

  47. Ming Rea Kao, Margarita Sheu

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