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CH 1 The Science of Biology

Learn about the goal of science and the scientific method, including how to state a problem, analyze results, form a hypothesis, and draw a conclusion. Explore the importance of observations, inferences, controlled experiments, and data analysis. Discover the contributions of scientists like Redi, Spallanzani, and Pasteur in disproving spontaneous generation.

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CH 1 The Science of Biology

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  1. CH 1 The Science of Biology Biology I Honors

  2. What is the Goal of Science? • To provide natural explanations for events in the natural world • To understand patterns and make predictions about future events

  3. The Scientific Method Section 1-2 An organized way to solve a problem State the Problem Analyze Results Form a Hypothesis Draw a Conclusion Set Up a Controlled Experiment Publish Results Record Results

  4. Step 1 State the Problem Observations: The act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way. The right kind of observation leads to asking questions that no one has asked (or answered) before.

  5. The information you collect is called data. Think of examples of qualitative and quantitative data.

  6. Scientists use data to make inferences • A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience • Ex: Researchers observe that there is an increase production of algae in a river. They infer that it results from _________________.

  7. Observation Vs. Inference • I saw a puddle on my way to school today… • It rained last night? • Some one left their sprinkler on last night?

  8. Step 2 Develop a Hypothesis • A tentative scientific explanation that can be tested by further observation or by experimentation. • Must be testable.

  9. Variable: factors in an experiment that can change ex: ? How many variables show we test at one time? Why is this important? Controlled variables/Constants Step 3: Designing a Controlled Experiment

  10. Analyzing Results Construct graphs, tables, charts Making a Graph From A Data Table Water Released and Absorbed by Tree Absorbed by Roots (g/h) Released by Leaves (g/h) 20 Water released by leaves Time 15 8 AM 1 2 10 Relative Rates (g/h) 10 AM 5 1 12 12 PM 4 5 2 PM 6 17 Water absorbed by roots 4 PM 9 16 0 6 PM 14 10 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 8 PM 10 3 Time

  11. Draw a Conclusion • State if data collected supports or disproves hypothesis • You never say you proved your hypothesis

  12. Example • Question: Where does life come from?

  13. Francesco Redi

  14. Lazzaro Spallanzani Vital Life Force ?

  15. Louis Pasteur • finally disproved Spontaneous Generation • supported Biogenesis

  16. Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment Section 1-2 Broth is boiled. Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms.

  17. Field studies Ethical considerations Individual bias Experiments are not always an option

  18. After evidence from numerous experiments supports a hypothesis it can become a Theory Theories are still not considered absolute truths Theory

  19. Law • Describes an observable occurrence in nature that appears to always be true • Describes events but does not explain them • Usually has a formula (ie F=ma) • Newton's Law of Gravity. • Theories do not become laws and Laws do not become Theories

  20. The Process of Science curiosity skepticism creativity open-mindedness

  21. Exploration and Discovery

  22. Community Analysis and Feedback

  23. Benefits and Outcomes

  24. What is Biology? • The study of life

  25. Characteristics of Life • 1. Contain DNA • 2. Grow and develop • 3. Respond to environment (stimulus) • 4. made of cells • 5. reproduce • 6. Homeostasis • 7. use energy (metabolism) • 8. Evolve Characteristics of Living things!

  26. Crosscutting Concepts in Biology Cause and Effect: Mechanism and Explanation Systems and System Models Stability and Change Patterns Scale, Proportion, and Quantity Energy and Matter: Flows, Cycles, and Conservation Structure and Function

  27. Fields of Biology Biotechnology Entomology Global Ecology Molecular Biology

  28. International System of Units (SI) • Metric System: A decimal system of measurement based on the number 10

  29. Scientific Measurement 1 kilometer = _______ meters 450 17 0.45 liter = _______ milliliters 0.017 grams = _______ milligrams 1000 0.13 130 meters = _______ kilometers 2.5 5 2500 milliliters = _______ liters 5000 milligrams = _______ grams

  30. Practice!

  31. Big Ideas • Cellular Basis of Life • Information and Heredity • Matter and Energy • Growth, Development and Reproduction • Homeostasis • Evolution • Structure and Function • Unity and Diversity • Interdependence • Science as a way of knowing

  32. Questions? Review Time! Biogenesis Limits of experiments Laws vs. Theories Process of science Characteristics of life (8 things) What is biology? Levels of organization? SI units Metric conversions Big ideas • What is science? • What kinds of questions can science answer? • Goal of science? • Inferences vs. Observations • Explain the steps of the scientific method • Redi, Spallanzani, and Pasteur • Spontaneous Generation

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