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The Reformation

The Reformation. A Movement to Reform the Church. The Protestant Reformation. Protestant Reformation 1517-1650. To protest = To object To reform = To change for the better The Protestant Reformation: Protested practices of the Catholic Church.

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The Reformation

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  1. The Reformation A Movement to Reform the Church

  2. The Protestant Reformation

  3. Protestant Reformation 1517-1650 To protest = To object To reform = To change for the better The Protestant Reformation: Protested practices of the Catholic Church. It began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.

  4. Underlying causes of the Reformation Humanism: The movement for the individual to take control of their lives. The Renaissance, led people question the authority of the church The rise of nation-states led monarchs to resent the power of the pope

  5. Underlying Causes of the Reformation Economic restrictions such as the ban on usury, or the lending of money at interest, created opposition among members of the new middle class. People resented the mandatory tithe (10% tax). Corruption within the Catholic Church

  6. Pre Luther Reformers John Hus of Czechoslovakia and Savonarola of Florence, Italy called for reform of the Catholic Church in the 1400s. They called for an end of corruption, higher moral standards, and simplification of church practices. Both were executed!

  7. The Sparks The start of the Reformation belongs to Renaissance Art. Michelangelo designed the new St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican. the expense of the project led to the sell of “Indulgences” to raise funds across Europe

  8. Martin Luther German born. Quiet youth, yet talented student who was intimidated by the strict orders of the Church. Attends University of Erfurt Sent to study law. July 2, 1505- Luther is nearly struck by lightning. Survives and swears to St. Anne, “I will become a monk!” Luther becomes a monk and studied theology at the University of Wittenberg, earning a Ph.D in Bible Studies.

  9. Martin Luther In 1517, the papal indulgences seller came to Wittenberg, Germany, Luther’s On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted a list of complaints against the Catholic Church called The Ninety-Five Thesis, or questions for debate.

  10. Aftermath (1) Taken as an attack on the church, Luther is called to recant his beliefs by the Pope, and later, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Luther’s Response“Here I Stand” The Diet of Worms acknowledges Luther as a heretic and calls for his execution.

  11. Aftermath (2) Receives support from the Christian Humanist and the German Princes Luther, under the protection of a German prince, further develops his new theology.

  12. Salvation through Faith Alone The Catholics that works, such as the buying of indulgences, lessens your time in Purgatory (an unpleasant ‘waiting area’ before you are admitted into Heaven, based on your life on earth. The Protestant believe that only by God’s grace are you saved; therefore, you cannot earn your way into heaven. Eph. 2: 8-9

  13. Bible is the Sole Authority Catholic study and believe the Bible and the works of men, such as Saint Thomas Aquinas, and hold them equally important. The Protestants believe (for the most part) that if is not in the Bible, it is not true theology. Protestants practice only 2 of the Catholic’s 7 sacraments No Purgatory, since it is not Biblical

  14. Priesthood of the Believer The Catholic Priest exercises great authority over the individuals of the congregation, by forgiving their sins (Confession) and administering the sacraments of the church. Protestants believe that each individual is responsible for their own spiritual well-being or relationship with God.

  15. Calvinism

  16. John Calvin Lawyer from Geneva, Switzerland. Dedicated to humanist reform of the Church. Leads a protestant revolt in 1520. Geneva does not follow. 1535 Protestant Canton of Bern- Spread of Protestantism throughout Switzerland and Geneva.

  17. Calvinism Based on the teachings of John Calvin.

  18. Beliefs of Calvinism Predestination God has already preordained who is to obtain salvation. Moral Behavior / Protestant Work Ethic Noted for their hard work with a good attitude. Would not gamble, dance, swear, dress elegantly, etc. (Think Pilgrims) The Church should govern the State. With a strong church there no need for separate civil government.

  19. Anglicanism

  20. Politics and Church Henry VIII of England at first supports the Catholic Cause against Luther by writing the Defense of the Seven Sacraments. Because of his support, the Pope gave the King of England the additional title “Defender of the Faith.”

  21. Political Expediency When his older, first wife failed to produce a make heir, Henry sought a divorce. Since his wife Catherine of Aragon was the niece of the King of Spain, the Pope refused.

  22. The Church of England Henry breaks away from the Catholic church Creates the Church of England or Anglicanism Names himself Head of the Church Keeps the title “Defender of the Faith” Grants himself a divorce and continues his search for a queen to give him a male heir

  23. Anglicanism The Church of England keeps many of the practices and theology of the Catholic Church. The next 100 years will be a struggle between the high church Anglicans and the Calvinistic Puritans. The American branch of the Church of England is the Episcopalian.

  24. The Counter-Reformation A series of reforms instituted by the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation.

  25. Society of Jesus Jesuits founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Inspired while recovering from being wounded in France. Impressed by the absolute sacrifice of the saints and martyrs. Calls for a return to the strict obedience of the authority of the Church and its hierarchy.

  26. The Jesuits • By 1630, 15,000 all over the world. • Their mission: • The elimination of heretics who refused to obey the Church, including Protestants and non-Christians.

  27. Inquisition The Catholic church system to weed out heretics of the faith. Used torture as a means of determining guilt or innocent. guilty were usually burned at the stake, Witchcraft trials (although Protestants also did this)

  28. Exploration Catholic countries, such as Spain and Portugal, sought to expand Roman Catholicism in to the New World and the Far East. God Gold and Glory Roman Catholicism becomes the religion of South America and the Philippines

  29. Council of Trent 1545- called by Pope Paul III to reform the Catholic Church. Sale of indulgences Maintained the practice but reformed the abuses. Bishops Must reside in the region they preside over. May not sell Church offices. Building of Seminaries One Seminary should be built in every diocese

  30. A Quick Review Catholic Salvation through Faith and Works Theology is based on the Bible and other canonized writings One reaches God through the Priests of the Church, who play a very important in the church. Protestant Salvation through Faith alone Theology is based on the Sole Authority of the Bible One reaches God by serving as their own priest, placing the importance on the individual. 30

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