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Warm Up:. Define intelligence in your own words. . Written by:. Daniel Keyes August 9, 1927-Present. Daniel Keyes was born in Brooklyn, New York . He received a BA and an MA from Brooklyn College. He has been: Merchant sailor Fiction editor High school teacher College professor.
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Warm Up: • Define intelligence in your own words.
Written by: Daniel Keyes August 9, 1927-Present • Daniel Keyes was born in Brooklyn, New York . • He received a BA and an MA from Brooklyn College. • He has been: • Merchant sailor • Fiction editor • High school teacher • College professor
Growing Up • At age 17, Daniel Keyes joined the U.S. Maritime Service • He obtained a B.A. in psychology from Brooklyn College • Earned a Master's Degree in English and American Literature at night while teaching English in New York City public schools • 1950s, he was editor of the pulp magazine Marvel Science Fiction • Wrote under his own name and the pseudonyms Kris Daniels, A.D. Locke and Dominik Georg
Flowers For Algernon • The story was initially published in the April 1959 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction • Story won the Hugo Award for best science fiction story of the year and was adapted as a television drama, then Keyes expanded the story into a novel, published in 1966. • The novel won the Nebula Award of the Science Fiction Writers of America • Was made into the film Charly in1968 • The film was a notable success, earning Cliff Robertson an Academy Award as Best Actor for his portrayal of Charlie Gordon.
Other Works by Keyes • Fifth Sally • The Minds of Billy Milligan • The Touch • Unveiling Claudia • Algernon, Charlie, and I: A Writer's Journey
We will be reading the short story in our Literature Book………I recommend at some point you check out and read the complete novel!
Build a background: • In the story we are about to read, doctors experiment with a surgical method to increase the intelligence of a mentally challenged man named Charlie.
….they first use a mouse named Algernon to test their experiments…
The story involves the idea of intelligence as based on IQ testing….. • There are many different kinds of IQ tests using a wide variety of methods. Some tests are visual, some are verbal, some tests only make use of abstract-reasoning problems, and some tests concentrate on arithmetic, spatial imagery, reading, vocabulary, memory or general knowledge. • Controversial because scientists disagree on their reliability to ‘prove intelligence’ • IQ is associated with intelligence, but may fail to act as an accurate measure of "intelligence" in its broadest sense. This is partly because IQ tests only examine particular areas embodied by the broadest notion of "intelligence", failing to account for certain areas which are also associated with "intelligence" such as creativity or emotional intelligence.
What does an IQ number mean? • Over 140 - Genius or near genius • 120 - 140 - Very superior intelligence • 110 - 119 - Superior intelligence • Genius IQ is considered to begin around 140 to 145, representing less than .25% of the population (1 in 400).
Here's a rough guidefor ‘normal to genius’ ratings on IQ tests: • 115-124 - Above average (typical, A/B university students) • 125-134 - Gifted (post-graduate, med/law/edu students) • 135-144 - Highly gifted (intellectuals) • 145-154 - Genius (professors) • 155-164 - Genius (Nobel Prize winners) • 165-179 - High genius • 180-200 - Highest genius • >200 - "Immeasurable genius"
What do the lower IQ scores measure? • 90 - 109 - Normal or average intelligence • 80 - 89 - Dullness • 70 - 79 - Borderline deficiency • Under 70 - Definite feeble-mindedness 5% of people have an IQ under 70 and this is generally considered as the benchmark for "mentally handicapped", a condition of limited mental ability in that it produces difficulty in adapting to the demands of life. (Charlie)
Lit Terms • Inference • Characterization • Foreshadowing • Ethical/moral dilemma
Ethical Dilemma • Ethical Dilemma: is a complex situation that will often involve an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another • Also called: Ethical Paradox • Either way you choose is great and horrible at the same time
Examples of Ethical Dilemmas Bank Teller: You have worked as a bank teller for several months when one of the other tellers who has become a good friend tells you that her daughter is extremely ill and that se must have an operation to survive. She also tells you that she has no insurance and the operation will cost $10,000. Sometime later you ask her about her daughter and she tells you she is just fine now. She then confides in you that she took $10,000.00 from a dormant account at the bank to pay for the operation. She assures you that she has already started paying it back and will continue to do so until it is all returned. What do you do? Journalism/Advertising Your newspaper has published a report on a national study, which concluded that bottled water has virtually no health advantages over the tap water in more cities, including yours. The study included comments from local health storeowners and water distributors challenging the study. The AquaPure Bottled Water Company, advertising account worth over $75,000. a year, has threatened to pull its account with your newspaper unless you run another story of equal prominence, focusing on the benefits of bottled water. What do you do?
Major Topics of the Story • Ethical Dilemmas • Scientific Experimentation • Animals • Humans • Who gets to decide? • Oversight • What are the possible outcomes?
God Complex Mad Scientists
Narration • The story is narrated in first person point of view • We read the story through Charlie’s diary
A Closer Look… • As you read, pay attention to Charlie’s “voice” • Humor • Although he is mentally handicapped, he makes some insightful remarks. Keep an eye out for these as you read.
Characterization consists of the techniques a writer uses to create and develop characters. These techniques include describing the character’s appearance; presenting the way the character talks, thinks, and behaves; showing what others think of the character; and making direct statements about the character.
