Foreign Policy

1. Foreign Policy Ch. 17 Stephanow, 2009

2. Foreign Policy: what is that? • Everything a nation says and does in world affairs. (WB79 #2)

3. Foreign Policy: what is that? • Everything a nation says and does in world affairs. (WB79 #2) • Can include: • Treaties/alliances • Disarmament negotiations • Economic aid • Cultural exchange programs

4. Next stuff is not in the book… Copy it down!!!

5. 5 Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy • National Security/Economic Interests: • Preserve security of the U.S. • Maintain freedom & independence, & stay secure from unwanted foreign influence & invasion.—main goal. • Maintain and promote economic interests.

6. 5 Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy • National Security/Economic Interests: • Preserve security of the U.S. • Maintain freedom & independence, & stay secure from unwanted foreign influence & invasion.—main goal. • Maintain and promote economic interests. • World Peace: • Promote peace in the world. • Keep us out of conflicts. • Send aid & form alliances. • Examples: NATO

7. 5 Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy • World Peace: • Promote peace in the world. • Keep us out of conflicts. • Send aid & form alliances. • Examples: NATO • Self-government: • Encourage growth of democracy throughout the world. • We support rights of nations to choose their own form of government. • Self-determination.

8. 5 Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy • Self-government: • Encourage growth of democracy throughout the world. • We support rights of nations to choose their own form of government. • Self-determination. • Free & Open Trade: • Foreign markets to sell our goods & access to natural resources • Example: NAFTA

9. 5 Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy • Free & Open Trade: • Foreign markets to sell our goods & access to natural resources • Example: NAFTA • Concern for Humanity: • Provide assistance to other nations in times of emergency. • Help maintain political stability in the world. • Example: Bosnia

10. 5 Ways we attempt to achieve these goals • WB81 #16 Peace through COLLECTIVE SECURITY: • Being secure by joining with other nations. • Example: United Nations

11. 5 Ways we attempt to achieve these goals • Peace through COLLECTIVE SECURITY: • Example: United Nations • WB81 #17 DETERRENCE: • Making a country seem too powerful to be attacked. • Pres. Regan was big on this in the 80’s.

12. 5 Ways we attempt to achieve these goals • DETERRENCE: • Making a country seem too powerful to be attacked. • WB81 #19 CONTAINMENT: • Stopping the spread of communism. • Example: Truman Doctrine

13. 5 Ways we attempt to achieve these goals • CONTAINMENT: • Stopping the spread of communism. • Example: Truman Doctrine • WB82 #18 FOREIGN AID: • Economic aid • Cultural exchanges • Business investments • Military aid

14. 5 Ways we attempt to achieve these goals • FOREIGN AID: • Economic aid • Cultural exchanges • Business investments • Military aid • WB82 #19 REGIONAL SECURITY ALLIANCES • Example: NATO & Rio Pact

15. REVIEW: President’s Role • Chief Diplomat • Makes treaties • Makes executive agreements • Receives ambassadors & appoints ambassadors

16. REVIEW: President’s Role • Chief Diplomat • Makes treaties • Makes executive agreements • Receives ambassadors & appoints ambassadors • Commander-in-Chief • War-making powers • In charge of the military • (Limited by the War Powers Resolution)

17. REVIEW: Congress’ Role • Can declare war • Appropriates all money for military • Senate approves Pres. Appointments

18. Departments & Councils that help the President. • Presentation Pro

19. What should the U.S. do about Iraq? • What about Afghanistan?

20. What should the U.S. do about Iran & N. Korea?

21. International Trade

22. Trade Terms • Imports • Exports • Import Quota • Import Tariff • Protective tariff • Revenue tariff • Trade Surplus (positive balance of trade) • More exports than imports • Trade Deficit (negative balance of trade) • More imports than exports

23. TRADE BARRIERS(used in Protectionism policy) • Tariff/Custom Duty • Quota • Embargo —do they work? • Have to be careful about trade retaliation!

24. Free Trade v. Protectionism

25. FREE TRADE Love it! Gives more choices of products. Leads to lower prices and better quality. PROTECTIONISM Boo! Limits choices in marketplace. Foreign & domestic items tend to cost more. CONSUMERS

26. FREE TRADE Hate it! Sends jobs overseas. Hard to compete with low wages overseas. PROTECTIONISM Love it! Protects domestic companies and jobs. LABOR UNIONS

27. FREE TRADE Boo! Makes domestic companies compete with foreign G&S. Forces them to be more efficient, provide better quality and lower prices. PROTECTIONISM Like it. Protects their businesses here at home. Don’t have to worry about competing with people outside of the U.S. DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS

28. FREE TRADE Love it! Opens doors to allow market size to increase. PROTECTIONISM Boo! Closes the door to offer U.S. made products abroad. Limits market size. EXPORTERS &MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS THE END!

29. Trade Deficits

30. Imports v. Exports Feb. 2009 • Imports $152.7 billion • Exports $126.8 billion • Deficit $26 billion

31. What is NAFTA? • North American Free Trade Agreement • United States, Mexico, & Canada.

32. Is NAFTA Good or Bad for America? • Here’s what the 3 different countries say.

33. Should we expand free trade and create CFTA? • Columbia Free Trade Agreement

34. What should the U.S. do about Cuba? • Reading.

35. What should the U.S. do about Cuba? • 4-19-09 “President Obama freely admits that the U.S. trade embargo of Cuba "hasn't worked the way we wanted it to" although it’s been in effect for nearly 50 years. Even so, he made it clear today it will stay in place until Cuban leaders take more overt action to free political prisoners, and permit freedom of the press and democratic elections. “The Cuban people aren’t free and that’s our lodestone, our north star when it comes to our policy in Cuba,” said Mr. Obama.“ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/04/19/politics/100days/worldaffairs/main4955009.shtml?tag=topStory;topStoryHeadline