SECURITY

1. SECURITY

2. ADRA Operating Policy Adventist Development and Relief Agency March 2010 Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. P. SAFETY AND SECURITY P 05 Safety and Security • 1. Based on adequate and timely risk and vulnerability assessments, each ADRA office must prepare and maintain current security and risk management plans for threats and dangers that are reasonably foreseeable and potentially threaten the safety of staff or the disruption of activities. • 2. ADRA shall provide security and crisis management training to all personnel. The type and degree of training must be commensurate with the assessed personal risks and the organizational responsibility for the safety and security of staff and organizational assets. • 3. All personnel must receive, at minimum, training in the following areas: ADRA security/risk management policies and procedures; basic personal safety and security; and basic first aid. • 4. In the event of a crisis or emergency, the ADRA Crisis Management Team must be activated as the only component of the organization to manage that crisis through to resolution. • 5. As determined by the strategic field risk and vulnerability assessment, each ADRA country office must prepare appropriate evacuation plans for all personnel. • 6. ADRA health policy must make provision for an initial/follow-up evaluation from a qualified mental health professional for staff directly involved in a crisis or traumatic event. • 7. In the event of abduction, extortion, or hostage-taking of ADRA staff or family members, their safe return must be a priority. All reasonable efforts and negotiations consistent with ADRA policies and core beliefs must be made to achieve safe return; however, no ransom or concession shall be paid or made by ADRA.

4. ADRA’s greatest asset is its personnel. It is of the utmost concern to ADRA that its employees take responsibility for their individual actions and safety and in turn receive organizational support through the provision of adequate training and equipment. Using one’s own intuition is the key to navigating personal security hazards. BORN TO BE WILD

5. Practicing Security Awareness • Even with the protection provided through a carefully created security profile, field workers are vulnerable. This is especially true of international staff. For this reason each ADRA staff member must view security as an individual responsibility. In doing so, staff members will avoid two dangers: • A blind dependence on the ADRA security plan, and • A reckless disregard for potential risks. • A field worker can gain a greater sense of security and self-confidence knowing he or she is prepared for potential crises. Good preparation affords the freedom and ability to make instant life and death decisions.

6. Personal Security Concepts • Crime • Security for Women • Vehicle Safety • Kidnapping • Security Plan

7. CRIME

8. In this post-Cold War era (since 1990s) conflicts are seldom fought between professional armies, but rather between terrorists, criminal gangs, ethnic cleansers, and gun toting drunk teenagers. Humanitarian and faith-based organizations are increasingly targeted by people from within the communities they have come to serve. • Criminal activity has become the greatest threat to the safety of aid workers. The Worldwatch Institute in Washington DC estimated that over 500 million military small arms are in the hands of non-military persons worldwide. Criminal activity can take many forms, including armed assault, hijackings and robbery.

9. One can be proactive regarding personal safety by understanding the anatomy of a crime – the steps that a criminal takes to size up and then determine whether an individual is a likely victim. The steps may or may not occur in sequence, and may occur in a matter of moments, or over a course of months. Each step represents a threshold, that, once crossed, emboldens the criminal to proceed. With this knowledge, the potential victim can identify those steps with criminal intent and act to reduce his/her exposure to the potential assault.

10. Three elements that characterize a crime environment – DESIRE, ABILITY and OPPORTUNITY. ABILITY OPPORTUNITY DESIRE

11. All three elements need to be present for crime to occur. ABILITY OPPORTUNITY DESIRE

12. ABILITY OPPORTUNITY DESIRE

13. DESIRE ABILITY

14. Basic Personal Security Concepts Be constantly aware of your surroundings and alert to what is going on around you Always know where you are and where you are going While traveling, think where you might take shelter or find cover if you need it Get as much information as you can about your environment Recognize signs of stress and take care of yourself through healthy living Be conscious of safety and security matters as a responsible team member NEVER risk your life for material possessions

15. Adopt a low profile. Dress and behave conservatively. Do not display jewelry, expensive watches, cash, keys, or other valuables • Follow your instincts. If you feel uncomfortable about a location or person, leave immediately • Do not hesitate to call attention to yourself if you are in danger; scream, shout, run, sound the horn of your vehicle (panic button) • At a new assignment: • find out about customs, how you are expected to dress and behave. • Potential threats and areas to avoid • Know the specific security arrangements in place – where is the nearest police station, ambulance, hospital, military, embassy • Which stores, businesses, restaurants are open late night • Are there any public phones nearby • Learn a few phrases in the local language so you can deter an offender or signal your need for help (i.e. police, fire) • Rehearse the actions you would take in case of a confrontation. Whether to resist an attacker or not can only be your decision • NEVER RISK YOUR LIFE FOR MATERIAL POSSESSION!

16. Security for Women

17. Although both men and women are confronted with security risks and challenges, women face unique threats from sexual harassment and assault. The following is a list of guidelines for dealing with those threats. Rely on your intuition to guide you if ever confronted. Although not as frequent, men can face similar threats.

18. Sexual Harassment • Consider wearing a wedding ring if you are a single woman. • Ignore the advance. If a man is trying to get a reaction from you and finds he cannot, he may stop. • Confront him. If you stop and politely ask, “Were you speaking to me?” the annoying party may feel embarrassed, especially if his actions were based on fear or insecurity. • Get help. Do not try to cope alone. • Quickly release your feelings of anger and indignity so that you can put the incident out of your mind as soon as possible.

19. Sexual Assault If you are assaulted you have three basic options: • Passive resistance – do or say anything to ruin the attacker’s desire to have sexual contact with you. • Active resistance – use any type of physical force to fight off attacker; includes shouting for help, running away, or fighting back, such as with knees to a man’s groin. Turn your fear into anger and fury. Anger is a far more positive weapon than terror and can be used as a weapon in its own right. • Submit – do this only if you sense your life is in danger. Survival becomes your objective. Disk 1 – Risk Mgmt – Pressure of Work

20. VEHICLE SAFETY

21. Travelling by road is the most dangerous time for humanitarian workers. Dangers such as accidents, ambush, illegal check-points, cross-fire, abductions and banditry lurk on every corner.

22. The following are basic guidelines for vehicle safety and travel security. As always, remain alert using common sense and intuition to guide you through any unusual circumstances encountered. • Vehicles should be mechanically sound and properly equipped. • Vehicles should only be driven by authorized personnel. • On long and difficult journeys a driver should be accompanied by at least one other person. • In circumstances where travelling by night is known to be dangerous, avoid it altogether or keep it to a bare minimum. • Devise procedure for monitoring vehicle movements that specify: • How drivers should check in and out • Where vehicles should be left when not in use • Any restrictions on the use for non-official purpose

23. Driver needs to respect local traffic regulation. • Draw up rules about carrying unofficial passengers in your vehicle. • The wearing of seat belts should be compulsory.

25. Driver needs to respect local traffic regulation. • Draw up rules about carrying unofficial passengers in your vehicle. • The wearing of seat belts should be compulsory. • Always keep emergency fuel stocks for quick getaways and evacuations of staff. • You must protect drivers from the pressure to provide favors. • There should be a safe place in each vehicle for storing important documents such as registration, insurance certificates, logbooks, maps, etc. • Explain the rules governing the use of your vehicles to your entire staff. • Do not use phone or text messaging while driving

34. KIDNAPPING

35. Victims of a kidnapping have to be accessible to potential captors. Very often potential captors will watch and follow a victim over a period of days or longer. The easier you are to follow the more likely you are to become a target. D1 Pressure of work • Don’t be predictable! This is the best habit to adopt. • Vary routes to and from home and work. • Get to know who belongs in your neighborhood. • Know the vehicles usually parked in your neighborhood. • Avoid regular scheduled appointments. • Half of all kidnapping victims are taken from their cars and this normally happens close to home or the place of work. • “Staying Alive” Safety and Security guidelines www.icrc.org

36. SECURITY PLAN