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OBJECTIVES

The Nipah Sneak Wendy D. Wiesehuegel, MS, BSN, RN, CDT PhD Student Walden University PUBH 8165-Section 10 Instructor: Dr. Raymond Thron 2010. OBJECTIVES . In this power point presentation, the reader will understand the Nipah virus as a disease in humans and animals

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OBJECTIVES

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  1. The Nipah SneakWendy D. Wiesehuegel, MS, BSN, RN, CDT PhD Student Walden UniversityPUBH 8165-Section 10Instructor: Dr. Raymond Thron 2010

  2. OBJECTIVES • In this power point presentation, the reader will understand the Nipah virus as a disease in humans and animals • The learner will understand the transmission of this virus to include potential transcontinental transmission. • The learner will understand how to promote prevention, control, and social change activities.

  3. INTRODUCTION TO NIPAH VIRUS NIPAH VIRUS (NiV) • Genus: HENIPAVIRUS • An emerging virus • Causes severe illness • Symptoms include inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and/or respiratory diseases • There are currently no drugs to treat this disease McCluney, C. (2010). Scientists model human disease caused by deadly Nipah virus. Retrieved from http://science.dodlive.mil/2010/05/27/scientists-model-human-disease-caused-by-deadly-nipah-virus/

  4. About Nipah Virus Continued… • Nipah virus is a new paramyxovirus • Nipah virus is most closely related to the Hendra virus • Nipah virus infects a variety of mammals Sahani, M., Parashar, U. D., Ali, R., Das, P., Lye, M., Isa, M. M., ... Sivamoorthy, M. (2000, December 22). Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in Malaysia 1998-1999. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, 1017-1021. doi: 10.1093/ije/30.5.1017

  5. Nipah virus has caused about a dozen outbreaks since its identification, and it can infect a wide range of animals and causes severe disease and death in people, making it a public health concern. McCluney, C. (2010). Scientists model human disease caused by deadly Nipah virus. Retrieved from http://science.dodlive.mil/2010/05/27/scientists-model-human-disease-caused-by-deadly-nipah-virus/

  6. INCIDENCE & PREVALENCE of NIPAH VIRUS Significantly high prevalence of bats carrying Nipah Virus Ongoing Surveillance : Distributional and Longitudinal Utilizing Data to Minimize Spillover and Large Outbreak incidence Conservation Medicine . (2005). Nipah Virus. Retrieved from http://www.conservationmedicine.org/nipah.htm

  7. BEHAVIORAL INCIDENCE • 24 Month Study on Nipah Virus • Development of Psychiatric Features • major depressive disorders • depression • personality disorders 3. Adequacy of Family Support & Social Resources • condition the behavioral response • Ng, B., Tchoyoson Lim, C. C., Yeoh, A., & Lee, W. L. (2004, November). Neuropsychiatric sequelae of Nipah virus encephalitis. TheJournal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 16, 500-504. Retrieved from http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/16/4/500 • Cheyette, S. R., & Cummings, J. L. (1995). Encephalitis lethargica: lessons for contemporary neuropsychiatry. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 7, 125-134. Retrieved from http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/2/125?ijkey=311519060cc550e7d18102062878d5690e2d76a5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

  8. SIGNIFICANCE: PROBLEMS & BELIEFS • Nipah virus can spread to humans without an intermediate host • Human-to-human transmission via casual contact • Transmission in health care settings • Consumption of contaminated food • Evidence of fruit bats in a broader range of countries than previously thought • Due to world-wide travel, human-to-human transmission may now be possible World Health Organization. (2007). Threats to public health security. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/whr/2007/07_chap2_en.pdf

  9. Factors of Potential Nipah Virus Vulnerability & Transcontinental Transmission • Increasing Population Size & Density • More Rapid & Frequent Travel • Increased Number of Vulnerable People • Growing Global Commerce • Mass Production in Agriculture • Changes in Land Use and Human Habitats Fineberg, H. V. (2005). Dual-purpose preparedness against natural and deliberate microbial threats. Retrieved from http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/testimony/21st_Century_Biological_Threats.asp

  10. Social Perspectives • Treatment Costs • Support for Families • Returning to Work After Illness • Other Financial Burdens Ng, C. W., Choo, W. Y., Chong, H. T., Dahlui, M., Goh, K. J., & Tan , C. T. (2009). Long-term socioeconomic impact of the Nipah Virus encephalitis outbreak in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri

  11. Environmental Perspectives & Public Health Policy • Anthropologic Land Use Drives Infectious Disease Events • Events Cause a Cascade of Factors that Contribute to the Exacerbation of Emerging Infectious Disease • Systems Model Approach Patz, J. A., Daszak, P., Tabor, G. M., Aguirre, A. A., Pearl, M., Epstein, J., ... Bradley, D. J. (2004, July). Unhealthy landscapes: policy recommendations on land use change and infectious disease emergence. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112, 1092-1098. doi: 10.1289/ehp.6877

  12. CONCLUSIONS • Initial Diagnostic Confusion = Delayed Detection • Absence of Effective Preventive Measures • Inappropriate Control Measures • Nipah Virus’ Epidemiological Behavior has Changed • Readiness to adapt to Nipah’s Evolution Imperative!

  13. References Cheyette, S. R., & Cummings, J. L. (1995). Encephalitis lethargica: lessons for contemporary neuropsychiatry. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 7, 125-134. Retrieved from http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/2/125?ijkey=311519060cc550e7d18102062878d5690e2d76a5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha Chua K. B., Goh K. J., Wong K. T., Kamarulzaman A., Tan P. S., Ksiazek T.G., …Tan, C.T. (1999). Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia. Lancet, 354, 1257–1259 Conservation Medicine . (2005). Nipah Virus. Retrieved from http://www.conservationmedicine.org/nipah.htm Fineberg, H. V. (2005). Dual-purpose preparedness against natural and deliberate microbial threats. Retrieved from http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/testimony/21st_Century_Biological_Threats.asp Lam S. K., Chua K.B. (2002). Nipah virus encephalitis outbreak in Malaysia. Clinical Infectious Disease, 34(suppl 2), S48–S51

  14. References Continued… McCluney, C. (2010). Scientists model human disease caused by deadly Nipah virus. Retrieved from http://science.dodlive.mil/2010/05/27/scientists-model-human-disease-caused-by-deadly-nipah-virus/ Ng, C. W., Choo, W. Y., Chong, H. T., Dahlui, M., Goh, K. J., & Tan , C. T. (2009). Long-term socioeconomic impact of the Nipah Virus encephalitis outbreak in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Patz, J. A., Daszak, P., Tabor, G. M., Aguirre, A. A., Pearl, M., Epstein, J., ... Bradley, D. J. (2004, July). Unhealthy landscapes: policy recommendations on land use change and infectious disease emergence. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112, 1092-1098. doi: 10.1289/ehp.6877 Sahani, M., Parashar, U. D., Ali, R., Das, P., Lye, M., Isa, M. M., ... Sivamoorthy, M. (2000, December 22). Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in Malaysia 1998-1999. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, 1017-1021. doi: 10.1093/ije/30.5.1017 World Health Organization. (2007). Threats to public health security. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/whr/2007/07_chap2_en.pdf

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