Painting Terms – what are they, why are they important?

1. Painting Terms – what are they, why are they important? • Alkyd paint • Latex paint • Enamel paint • Primer • Boxing • Straining • Thinning • Cutting in • Wet edge

2. Objectives 1.01 & 1.07:Demonstrate wall covering techniques

3. Factors to Consider when Choosing Wall Coverings: • Condition of the walls • Cost involved • Function of the room • Look desired.

4. Paint Painting a room is the easiest and least expensive way to update a room or change its look.

5. Types of Paint

6. Alkyd paint is an oil-based, slow drying paint. • Alkyd paint goes on smoother, is durable and allows walls to be easily washed • Alkyd paint is best used for cabinetry, exterior trim, interior trim, doors, kitchens, high-moisture bathrooms, and anywhere a rich, semi-gloss or full gloss look is desired.

7. A solvent, such as mineral spirits, is used to clean paintbrushes when alkyd paint is used.

8. Latex paintis a water-based, quick-drying paint. • Latex paint is easy to apply • It does not adhere to surfaces previously painted with alkyd paint.

9. Paint brushes used with latex paint are easily cleaned with soap and water.

10. Enamel Paint • Any type of paint that is oil based and has a considerably glossy finish • However, due to the rising popularity of latex and water based paints; the term enamel paint has since evolved to refer to a hard surfaced paint with a high gloss finish.

11. Primer • A preparatory coating put on before painting • Primer is usually white and • Seals a new surface • Ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface for durability • Helps the surface remain nonporous to keep out humidity • Provides additional protection for the material being painted.

12. Paints are available in various finishes: • Glossy finishes are easier to clean • Dull finishes are more formal.

13. Boxing • If a paint job requires more than a single gallon of any color paint, there is a risk of getting different shades of the same color • To prevent: • Pour half a gallon of paint into an empty container • Pour another half gallon in from another can of the same color • Stir them together • Pour that mixture back into the first two gallons and stir those together.

14. Straining • Cans of paint may have a layer of “skin” formed on the top • Place a piece of old stocking, cheesecloth, tights material or pantyhose over your paint bucket and strain the paint through.

15. Thinning • If paint is old or is going to be used in a paint sprayer, it may need to be thinned • Latex – ¼ to ½ cup of water per gallon of paint • Alkyd – requires the use of mineral spirits.

16. How Determine if Paint Requires Thinning • Insert a stirring tool into the paint can • After a few moments, pull out and hold above the paint can • If the paint drips off the stirring tool in a smooth and even fashion, the latex paint does not require thinning • If the paint sticks to the stirring tool or gives off a clumpy appearance, then thin.

17. Cutting In • Spreading a band of paint a few inches wide to cover areas the roller can’t reach • Although it’s tempting to cut in a whole room first and then use the roller, it’s better to cut in a more manageable area, then roll it • This way you’ll keep a wet edge and never paint over dried paint.

18. Wet Edge • If you paint one area and it dries, it will often produce a lap mark at the edge of the dry paint if painted over again • Always paint from a “wet edge” to prevent lap marks.

19. Lead Paint • Homes built before 1978 need to be tested for lead based paint • Contact local health officials for information on lead paint testing.

20. How much paint do I need? Length + Length + Width + Width X Height / 350 = number of gallons needed (350 is the number of square feet 1 gallon of paint can cover) Room 14’ X 12’ with 8’ ceilings 14 + 14 + 12 + 12 X 8 / 350 = 1.18 Need to purchase 2 gallons of paint.

21. Do the Math! • Your customer has asked you to purchase light blue paint for a room that is 12’ X 14’ with 9’ ceilings. Calculate how much paint would be needed to paint this room. • Sam’s den is 12’ x 14’ with 8’ ceilings. Sam would like to use dark blue and will need to apply two coats. How many gallons of paint must Sam purchase? • Judy would like to paint her hall and foyer a lighter color. Mickey, her husband, has applied primer to the walls, but she will still need two coats of paint. Her hall is 4’ x 16’ with an 8’ ceiling and her foyer is 8’ x 12’ and has 14’ ceilings. How many gallons of paint should she buy?

22. Do the Math! Answers • 12 + 12 + 14 + 14 X 9 = 468 468 / 350 = 1.33 or 2 gallons • 12 + 12 + 14 + 14 X 8 = 416 416 / 350 = 1.18 1.18 X 2 = 2.36 or 3 gallons

23. 4 + 4 + 16 + 16 X 8 = 320 (hall) 8 + 8 + 12 + 12 X 14 = 560 (foyer) 320 + 560 = 880 / 350 = 2.51 880 / 350 = 2.51 2.51 X 2 = 5.02 or 5 gallons if you are lucky – 6 if you’re not!

24. Faux Painting Techniques

25. Basecoat Glaze A thin, translucent film of color painted over a base coat of paint. Glaze plays an essential part in creating a rich, dimensional look. Glaze mixture: 1 part paint + 1 part glazing medium + 1 part water = glaze • The first coat of paint for decorative finishes that provides the “base” of the design.

26. Aging • A technique for simulating the effects of time and wear of a freshly painted surface. Also called antiquing. How to Get an Antiqued Look Antiquing Video

27. Color Washing • A simple but effective paint effect with a translucent finish. • Usually applied with brushes over a solid paint color, using long sweeping strokes to meld the glaze colors together. How to Color Wash

28. Combing • A simple paint effect in which a special tool is used to comb through the top color of glaze to reveal the base color beneath. How to Use the Combing Technique

29. Crackle Glaze • A finish produced by using two varnishes that work against each other to produce a crazed effect. Crackle Finish Instructions Crackle Finish Video

30. Dragging • A traditional painted effect achieved by dragging a glazed wall with a fine-bristled dragging brush to create an even, linear look (strie’). Strie Painting Video

31. Gilding • A specialty technique for applying gold to surfaces such as furniture or picture frames. GildingVideo

32. Marbling • The process imitating marble. An acrylic glaze is applied over a light base and softened with ragging and a soft brush to achieve marble-like markings. How to Paint Faux Carrara Marble Instructions How to Faux Paint Marble Video

33. Rag Rolling • A technique in which glaze is applied and then rolled with a sausage shape of cotton rag which removes glaze irregularly. Rag Rolling Video

34. Ragging • A technique in which glaze is applied over a basecoat and gently dabbed on or off with a bunched cotton rag.

35. Stenciling • Using a pattern (stencil) to paint a design. A stencil is made from a thin sheet of material, such as paper or plastic. Stenciling Instructions Stenciling Video

36. Sponging • Colored glaze is applied over a basecoat and lifted off while still wet with a damp sponge. Sponging Video

37. Trompe l’oiel • The art of deceiving the eye by making a flat painted area look like a three-dimensional image with painted shadow lines. Artist Creating a Trompe l’oiel