1 / 19

Body Composition

Body Composition. Assessment and Methods. Body Composition. The chemical makeup of the body Two compartment model = divides the body into two parts (FFM, FM) Can determine how much FFM or FM is present by assessing: Body Density = M/V (UWW, SF) Total body water (BIA). Body Fat.

honorato-cantu
Download Presentation

Body Composition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Body Composition Assessment and Methods

  2. Body Composition • The chemical makeup of the body • Two compartment model = divides the body into two parts (FFM, FM) • Can determine how much FFM or FM is present by assessing: • Body Density = M/V (UWW, SF) • Total body water (BIA)

  3. Body Fat • Interpretation of norms • Acceptable • Obese (at risk) • Minimal/essential

  4. Uses for Body Comp. Measures • Assess effectiveness of training program at achieving weight loss • Classify body com. measures in order to evaluate health risk • Monitor growth and development in kids • Assessing changes associated with malnutrition, injury, aging, etc • Assist in exercise prescription/nutrition plan • Estimate competitive sport weights

  5. Types of Measurement • Anthropometric measures • Height and weight • Bony diameters and circumferences • Skinfolds • Bioelectrical Impedance • Hydrostatic weighing

  6. Height and Weight • Weight • balance-type or digital scale on level floor, no carpet • minimal clothing, no shoes • record in kg and in lbs. • Height • vertical ruler with a horizontal headboard • no shoes, heels together, back straight, weight evenly distributed • record in inches and cm

  7. Measuring Body Composition • Skinfolds • ESTIMATE Body density from subcutaneous fat • Validity = 0.70 – 0.90 • Assumes that ~33% of total body fat is located subcutaneously • Varies with age, gender and ethnicity • + 3.5% accuracy if performed perfectly

  8. % Fat from Skinfolds • Sum of 2 to 7 skinfolds to predict Db • Use an appropriate Db prediction equation (Heyward 186 or ACSM 63) • Population-specific equation (174 Heyward or 65 ACSM) to convert Db to % fat • Note that both Db and % fat are ESTIMATED using regression equations

  9. Measuring Body Fat using SF • See page 62 ACSM and page 188 for procedures • You will be quizzed on these procedures • See page 62 ACSM for SF sites • You can use the pictures on page 331-5 Heyward as guides, but note that some differ from ACSM • NO HORIZONTAL FOLDS!

  10. Body Comp. - BIA • Bioelectrical Impedance • Assesses body composition by passing an electrical current through the body. • The resistance to the flow reflects the amount of fat present and TBW • FFM has higher water content than FM • Electrolytes in water are good conductors

  11. BIA • BIA analyzer will provide values for resistance(R) • Use the R values to determine body fat (computer software) • Calculate your own % fat values if you do not know the equations used by the analyzer • population-specific/general equations (p. 194 Heyward)

  12. BIA Technique • Tanita and Supine Method • testing procedures (p. 195) • Guidelines: • no eating or drinking for 4 hours before • no exercise 12 hours before • urinate 30 minutes before • no alcohol 48 hours before • no diuretics before • avoid testing females who feel they are retaining water

  13. Potential Effects on BIA Assessment of FFM • Eating/drinking prior to measurement will decrease R and overpredict FFM • Dehydration will increase R and can cause underestimation of FFM • Moderate intensity exercise can significantly decrease R and overpredict FFM

  14. Bony Diameters and Circumferences/Frame Size • Bony Diameters: • shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle are common sites • sliding calipers, measure in inches or cm. • Circumferences: - p. 337 • abdominal, waist, hip are common • use anthropometric tape or plastic tape measure

  15. Circumferences and Diameters • Uses: • More accurately estimate body fat in obese individuals than skinfolds (equations p. 199) • Easy, cheaper, and subject to less observer error (greater objectivity)

  16. Circumferences • Sites (Appendix D.4 Heyward) • Take all measures on right side of body • Take at least three measurements • Use anthropometric tapes • Tape should fit snugly, but not indent the skin or subcutaneous tissue • Waist to Hip Ratio – see pp. 58 and 61 ACSM

  17. BonyWidths • Appendix D.5 • Take all measures on right side of body • Take at least three measurements • Place calipers correctly and apply pressure to compress underlying fat, muscle and skin until the measure no longer decreases • Elbow Breadths

  18. Body Mass Index • Well correlated with body composition • Quetelet Index is most widely accepted • kg/m2 OR • [lbs. X 705/height (in)]/height (in) • See pp. 58-59 ACSM or 201 Heyward

  19. Ideal Body Weight • Optimal body weight based on height or desired BMI or % fat

More Related