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Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan

Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan. Chapter 8 The Eastern Mediterranean Section 4. Syria. Damascus – capital and believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world Part of Ottoman Empire in 1500s After WW1, controlled by France Became independent in the 1940s.

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Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan

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  1. Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan Chapter 8 The Eastern Mediterranean Section 4

  2. Syria • Damascus – capital and believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world • Part of Ottoman Empire in 1500s • After WW1, controlled by France • Became independent in the 1940s

  3. History and Government • 1971-2000 led by dictator, Hafiz al-Assad • Assad died in 2000, his son, Bashar, elected president • Bashar’s goal is to improve the economy • Socialist • Textiles, food products and chemicals are important manufactured goods • Small deposits of oil and natural gas • Rich in iron ore, basalt, and phosphates

  4. Syria’s People • Population of more than 18 million • 90% Arab, other 10% Kurds and Armenians • 74% Sunni Muslim • 16% Druze and Alawites, religion related to Islam • 10% Christian • Small Jewish communities in some cities

  5. Lebanon • Small, mountainous country on the Mediterranean coast • After WW1, controlled by France • Gained independence in 1940s • Muslim groups – Sunni, Shia, and Druze

  6. Civil War and Today • 1970s – 1990 fighting began between Lebanese groups • Beirut – the capital city was badly damaged • Industries include food processing, textiles, cement, chemicals, and jewelry making

  7. Jordan • Short history full of conflict • Few resources • Powerful neighbors

  8. History and Government • Created after WW1 under British control • 1940s became fully independent • Nomadic or semi-nomadic life • 1952-1999 ruled by King Hussein

  9. People and Resources • Many are Bedouins • Bedouins – Arabic-speaking nomads who mostly live in the deserts of Southwest Asia • Produces phosphates, cement, and potash • Tourism and banking are growing industries • Economic aid from oil-rich Arab nations and United States • Amman – capital and largest city

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