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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Diseases and Disorders. Arthritis. Rheumatoid Osteoarthritis Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis . Rheumatoid Arthritis. Chronic disease Joints become inflamed and painful Small joints of hands and feet affected first and moves to larger joints More common in women

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Diseasesand Disorders

  2. Arthritis • Rheumatoid • Osteoarthritis • Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

  3. Rheumatoid Arthritis • Chronic disease • Joints become inflamed and painful • Small joints of hands and feet affected first and moves to larger joints • More common in women • ETIOLOGY – Thought to be autoimmune

  4. Rheumatoid Arthritis • Diagnosed by blood test – rheumatoid factor present AND • X-rays – boney changes • TX: Heat and medications to reduce inflammation and pain

  5. Rheumatoid Arthritis

  6. Rheumatoid Arthritis

  7. Osteoarthritis • Chronic disease • Joints have loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces • Mainly in hips and knees of older people • ETIOLOGY: Can be due to “old” injuries

  8. Osteoarthritis • Tx: Medication to reduce pain and inflammation • Physical Therapy to loosen impaired joints • Most common reason for joint replacement surgery

  9. Normal Knee Knee with OA Osteoarthritis

  10. Osteoarthritis Normal knee in figure 1 Narrow joint space and bone spur in figure 2

  11. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis • Most common form of arthritis in children under age 16 • Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness • Fever, rash, swollen lymph glands • Can cause growth problems and eye inflammation • ETIOLOGY: Autoimmune

  12. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Controlling pain Improving function Preventing joint damage

  13. JRA Kelly Rouba, a communications and emergency management specialist for the state of New Jersey, has been coping with JRA from a very young age, and her experiences inspired her to write the book Juvenile Arthritis: The Ultimate Teen Guide.

  14. Osteomyelitis • Infection or inflammation of a bone • Fever • Pain in area of infection • Swelling, warmth and redness over area of infection

  15. Osteomyelitis • ETIOLOGY: Most cases are caused by Staphylococcus bacteria • Can enter through the bloodstream • Nearby infection such as an infected puncture wound • Direct contamination such as with a compound fracture and surgeries

  16. Osteomyelitis • Treatment • Antibiotics through IV for 4 to 6 weeks • Surgery to removed infected bone

  17. Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis of proximal phalanx of 4th digit.

  18. Osteoporosis • New bone growth does not keep up with old bone removal • Bones become weak and brittle • Bending over or coughing can cause fracture • Hip, wrist and spine – most common places of fracture

  19. Osteoporosis • Symptoms • Asymptomatic in early stages • Back pain • Loss of height • Stooped posture • Bone fractures occur more easily than expected

  20. Osteoporosis • Treatment • Bisphosphonates • Estrogen in post menopausal women

  21. Osteoporosis Normal Bone Osteoporotic Bone

  22. Carpal Tunnel • Compression of median nerve on anterior side of wrist. • Burning, tingling, and itching numbness of palm, thumb, index and 3rd fingers, and radial side of the 4th finger

  23. Carpal Tunnel • ETIOLOGY • Predisposition: Carpal tunnel smaller in some people • Injury to wrist • Repetitive movements of wrist • Vibrating hand tools • Idiopathic

  24. Carpal Tunnel • Treatment • Anti-inflammatory medications • Cortisone injection into carpal tunnel • Splints to immobilize • If above does not work, surgical release of carpal ligament

  25. Carpal Tunnel

  26. Ankylosing Spondylitis • Inflammatory disease that can cause vertebrae to fuse • Can result in hunched forward posture

  27. Ankylosing Spondylitis • Etiology • No known specific cause • Appears to be genetic

  28. Ankylosing Spondylitis • Treatment • Medication to reduce pain, inflammation and stiffness • Physical Therapy for strengthening and flexibility

  29. Ankylosing Spondylitis Progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis

  30. Scoliosis • Lateral curvature of the spine • Treatment • Bracing to prevent progression • Surgery: fusion of vertebrae • Harrington rods if child is still growing. • Rods can be lengthened every 6 months

  31. Scoliosis-before/after

  32. Kyphosis- humpbackoften due to osteoporosis

  33. Lordosis-swayback

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