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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Computer Hardware. Chapter Contents. Section A: Personal Computer Basics Section B: Microprocessors and Memory Section C: Storage Devices Section D: Input and Output Devices Section E: Hardware Security. Personal Computer Basics. Personal Computer Systems

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Computer Hardware

  2. Chapter Contents • Section A: Personal Computer Basics • Section B: Microprocessors and Memory • Section C: Storage Devices • Section D: Input and Output Devices • Section E: Hardware Security Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  3. Personal Computer Basics • Personal Computer Systems • Desktop and Portable Computers • Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems • Buying Computer System Components Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  4. Personal Computer Systems Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  5. Desktop and Portable Computers • The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit • A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  6. Desktop and Portable Computers • A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer • A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard • A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad • An ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a small form factor tablet computer designed to run most of the software available for larger portable computers Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  7. Desktop and Portable Computers Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  8. Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems • A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super-charged support for most computer applications • A Media Center PC includes components for integrating computers, televisions, home theaters, and audio systems • Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming • Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  9. Buying Computer System Components • Browse through computer magazines and online computer stores to get a general idea of features and prices • Decide on a budget and stick to it • Make a list of the ways you plan to use your computer • Select a platform • Decide on a form factor • Select peripherals, software, and accessories Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  10. Buying Computer System Components • Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  11. Microprocessors and Memory • Microprocessor Basics • Today’s Microprocessors • Random Access Memory • Read-only Memory • EEPROM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  12. Microprocessor Basics • A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions • Usually the most expensive component of a computer Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  13. Microprocessor Basics • Microprocessor clock • Megahertz • Gigahertz • Front side bus • HyperTransport • Word size • Cache • Level 1 cache (L1) • Level 2 cache (L2) • CISC vs. RISC technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  14. Microprocessor Basics • Serial processing • Pipelining • Parallel processing • Multi-core processor • Hyper-Threading Technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  15. Today’s Microprocessors Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  16. Random Access Memory • Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  17. Random Access Memory • Microscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent data • Most RAM is volatile • Requires electrical power to hold data Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  18. Random Access Memory • RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes • Personal computers typically feature between 256MB and 4GB of RAM • An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  19. Random Access Memory • RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds or megahertz • SDRAM is fast and relatively inexpensive • DDR, DDR2, or DDR3 • RDRAM is more expensive, and usually found in high-performance workstations Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  20. Read-Only Memory • ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer’s startup routine • Permanent and non-volatile • The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  21. EEPROM • Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory • More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM • Requires no power to hold data Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  22. Storage Devices • Storage Basics • Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology • CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology • Solid State Storage • Storage Wrap-up Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  23. Storage Basics • A storage medium contains data • A storage device records and retrieves data from a storage medium • Data gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processed • Processed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a storage medium • Vertical vs. horizontal storage Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  24. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology • Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  25. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Hard disk platters and read-write heads are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to screen out dust and other contaminants. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  26. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology • A hard disk controller positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data • SATA • Ultra ATA • EIDE • SCSI • Not as durable as many other storage technologies • Head crash Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  27. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology • A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective casing • A tape drive is a device that reads data from and writes data to a long stream of recordable media similar to the tapes used in audio cassettes • A tape is a sequential storage medium Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  28. CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology • Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface • CD, DVD, and Blu-ray storage technologies Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  29. CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology • Today’s DVD drives typically have 20X speeds for a data transfer rate of 210 Mbps • Three categories of optical technologies • Read-only (ROM) • Recordable (R) • Rewritable (RW) Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  30. CD-DA DVD-Video CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-R DVD+R or DVD-R CD-RW DVD+RW or DVD-RW BD-ROM, BD-R, and BD-RE CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  31. CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  32. Solid State Storage • Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitry • Non-volatile • Card reader may be required to read data on solid state storage Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  33. Solid State Storage • A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer’s system unit using a built-in connector • A U3 drive is a special type of USB flash drive that is preconfigured to autoplay when it is inserted into a computer Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  34. Storage Wrap-up Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  35. Storage Wrap-up Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  36. Input and Output Devices • Basic Input Devices • Display Devices • Printers • Installing Peripheral Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  37. Basic Input Devices • Keyboard • Pointing device • Mice • Trackballs • Pointing Sticks • Trackpads • Joystick • Touch-sensitive screen Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  38. Display Devices • A CRT display device uses a glass tube • An LCD manipulates light within a layer of liquid crystal cells • Plasma screen technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  39. Display Devices • Viewable image size • Dot pitch • Viewing angle width • Refresh rate • Color depth • Resolution • VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, WUXGA, and WQXGA Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  40. Display Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  41. Display Devices • Graphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen • Integrated graphics • Graphics card • Graphics processing unit (GPU) Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  42. Printers • An ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper • A laser printer works like a photocopier Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  43. Printers Laser printers are a popular technology when high-volume output or good-quality printouts are required. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  44. Printers • Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires • The wires strike a ribbon and the paper Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  45. Printers • Printer features • Resolution • Print speed • Duty cycle • Operating costs • Duplex capability • Memory • Networkability Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  46. Installing Peripheral Devices • Many new devices can be connected to an external USB port • The data bus moves data within the computer • Expansion cards are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilities • Expansion slot • ISA • PCI • AGP Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  47. Installing Peripheral Devices An expansion card simply slides into an expansion slot and is secured with a small screw. Before you open the case, make sure you unplug the computer and ground yourself—that’s technical jargon for releasing static electricity by using a special grounding wristband or by touching both hands to a metal object. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  48. Installing Peripheral Devices • An expansion port passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device • Peripheral device may include the Plug and Play feature, or require a device driver Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  49. Installing Peripheral Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

  50. Hardware Security • Anti-theft Devices • Surge Protection and Battery Backup • Basic Maintenance • Troubleshooting and Repair Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

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