Today’s Class

1. Today’s Class • Animal Domestication • Human Migrations through time • European colonization • Sugar- history • QUIZ

2. EXAM 1 – NEXT THURSDAY 40 MULTIPLE CHOICE Take Home essay (3 double-spaced pages) First hour = exam Lecture period after

3. Human migrations through time European colonization Brought and moved lots of foodstuffs Cultural and ecological consequences

4. Old World (Europe, Asia, Middle, Near East) Eurasian diet in Europe Wheat, barley, oats, rice Meaty animals, dairy

5. New World (Americas, Caribbean) Corn, Potatoes, Manioc, Some domesticated animals

6. Europe in Middle Ages Serfs and peasant society

7. Informal economy Barter and exchange No set price for goods

8. Modern World System Spread of capitalism as an economic mode

9. 2 key concepts Political and Social Units: Core states The periphery

10. Europe and Asia = Core (wealth) Americas = Periphery (labor & goods)

11. Core States = European Periphery = producers, extract goods or labor from them Peoples and cultures of the colonized regions

12. European colonization Largest spread of food between peoples and lands All manner of plants and animals

13. Colonization transformed human labor Labor transformed some foods from luxury items to staples

14. Who did Europeans come in contact with? What were existing foodways?

15. Spanish quest for spices, later for mineral wealth

16. Spanish trade routes English and Dutch trade

18. “Columbian Exchange” Alfred Crosby Sugar, disease, horse, potato, corn

19. Peoples of the Americas Complex States with Stratified society with rulers, specialists Most are farmers, pastoralists (Andes)

20. 2 examples of complex states Aztecs – Mexico Inca – W. South America, Andes

21. Aztec Empire

22. Maize, beans, squashes Turkey, bees Lake fishing

23. The Inca Empire – 10+ million Plus BRAZIL

24. The Central Andes The Andean mountain chain The vertical archipelago

25. Guaman Poma – wrote an illustrated book an Andean life

26. Agricultural production

27. STATE AGRICULTURAL STORAGE warehouses

28. State Storehouses

29. INCA FEASTING – Return food and drink to subjects for labor

30. Spain and the Iberian peninsula

31. Catholic religious tradition (wheat host and wine)

32. Spaniards desired wheat for Eucharistic purposes Tropical and subtropical Climates = not good for wheat

33. Olive oil = Staple of the Iberian diet

34. 15-16th centuries Spanish sheep herding = economic staple

37. European colonization

38. Spanish arms and horses

39. Spanish quest for gold

40. Diseases- small pox, measles, Chicken pox, fevers, flu, common cold

41. Pandemics 80-90% decline in Native population Demographic collapse

42. Indian Enslavement Mining, labor taxes, demanded tribute/taxes (cloth, animal skins, food )

43. As Amerindians died, African slaves were brought to the Americas

44. Transformations in the Americas Commodities to and from the Americas

45. Trade Triangle African populationsSugar, Rum, Rice, TobaccoGuns, Arms, Goods, rum

46. Cattle ranching Caribbean, Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina Hides, tallow for candles (to work in mines)

47. Sugar Caribbean, Brazil, SE U.S.

48. Navajo sheep ranching SW is arid

49. Pigs and chickens adapt to tropical climates

50. Grapes for wine