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ToK - Introductions

What is ToK ? Why is it important? What will we be doing?. ToK - Introductions. Information Opinion Belief Knowledge Truth. ToK - Introductions. What is ToK ? Critical Thinking Recognizing and evaluating knowledge claims. ToK - Introductions. ToK - Introductions.

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ToK - Introductions

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  1. What is ToK? • Why is it important? • What will we be doing? ToK - Introductions

  2. Information • Opinion • Belief • Knowledge • Truth ToK - Introductions

  3. What is ToK? • Critical Thinking • Recognizing and evaluating knowledge claims ToK - Introductions

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  5. How do we know the things we know? ToK - Introductions

  6. Why is it important? • “Information is acquired by being told, whereas knowledge can be acquired by thinking” Fritz Malchup • “The greatest obstacle to progress is not the absence of knowledge, but the illusion of knowledge” Daniel Boorstin • “By doubting we are led to enquire, and by enquiry we perceive the truth” Peter Abelard ToK - Introductions

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  12. The map is not the territory ToK - Introductions The Betrayal of Images Magritte

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  14. Common Sense Knowledge is ‘organised common sense’? Much of what passes for ‘common sense’ consists of little more than vague and untested beliefs that are based on such things as prejudice, hearsay and blind appeals to authority. “Common sense consists of those layers of prejudice laid down before the age of 18”Einstein ToK - Introductions

  15. Various kinds of belief • A vague belief • A well-supported belief • A belief that is beyond reasonable doubt ToK - Introductions

  16. Knowledge is justified true belief ToK - Introductions Belief-knowledge continuum -10 | Impossible -5 | Unlikely 0 | Possible +5 | Probable +10 | Certain Belief Knowledge

  17. Truth If you know something, then what you claim you know must be true. If you believe it – then it may be true or false Truth is an objective requirement for knowledge ToK - Introductions

  18. Belief If you know something, then what you claim to know must not only be true, but you must believe it is true. If you believe it – then it may be true or false Belief is a subjective requirement for truth ToK - Introductions

  19. Justification In order to be able to say that you know something – you must be able to justify your belief. “I saw it” “Someone told me” “I worked it out” “It’s obvious!” ToK - Introductions

  20. Theory of Knowledge Diagram Ways of Knowing Mathematics ToK - Introductions Sense Perception Natural Sciences Ethics Emotion Reason Knower(s) Areas of Knowledge (Faith) Language Human Sciences Arts History

  21. What will we be doing? • Uncovering the basic means through which we interpret the world by asking the question: • “How do we know the things we know?” • Comparing and contrasting knowledge claims across subject areas • Considering the nature of knowledge itself ToK - Introductions

  22. Changing your mind • A. Write down one thing you used to believe and now do not • B. Write down one thing that you believe now and think that you will believe forever • For A., ask yourself – and write down: • What made you believe it in the first place? • How did you come to change your belief? • For B., ask yourself – and write down: • What made you believe this in the first place? • Is there anything you can imagine that would change your mind? ToK - Introductions

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