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Understanding and Managing Visitor Attractions in Tourism

This article explores the importance of attractions in the tourism industry, provides a classification of different types of attractions, discusses ownership and management, and highlights the role of events as attractions. It also covers topics such as World Heritage sites, non-purpose-built attractions, and visitor interpretation techniques.

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Understanding and Managing Visitor Attractions in Tourism

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  1. TOURISM PETER ROBINSON MICHAEL LÜCK STEPHEN L. J. SMITH

  2. 9 Visitor Attractions

  3. Learning Objectives • To understand the importance of attractions for the tourism industry • To describe and classify different types of attractions • To understand different ownership and management of different types of attractions • To appreciate the role of events as attraction

  4. Classification • Four main types (Swarbrooke, 2002) 1. Features within the natural environment 2. Human-made buildings, structures and sites that were designed for a purpose other than attracting visitors, such as religious worship, but which now attract substantial numbers of visitors who use them as leisure amenities 3. Human-made buildings, structures and sites that are designed to attract visitors and are purpose- built to accommodate their needs, such as theme parks 4. Special events

  5. Classification • Another frequent typology is based on • Natural features • Man-made features • Cultural features • Any combination of these three

  6. LOCAL MARKET OWNERSHIP BUILT PRODUCT resource, catering, interpretation, retailing, events, conferences, activities PAID FREE INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL NATURAL REGIONALMARKET Classification (Leask, 2003, p. 7)

  7. Ownership • Public • Central government • Government agencies • Local authorities • State industries • Voluntary organizations • Charitable trusts • Private clubs and associations • Private • Individuals and partnerships • Private companies • Corporations

  8. Attraction Attributes(Weaver and Lawton, 2010) • Ownership and orientation • Spatial configuration • Authenticity • Scarcity • Status • Carrying capacity • Accessibility • Market • Context

  9. Non-purpose-built Attractions • Created for different purpose, but evolved into an attraction • Churches (e.g. Notre Dame in Paris) • Shopping malls (e.g. West Edmonton Mall, Canada) • Factories (e.g. Coca Cola in Atlanta) • Industrial sites (e.g. Waihi Gold Mine, New Zealand) • Modern buildings (e.g. Sydney Opera House) • Superstructures (e.g. Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco)

  10. World Heritage • Identified and declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) • Three categories • Outstanding natural heritage • Outstanding cultural heritage • Outstanding natural and cultural heritage

  11. World Heritage • Issues/challenges • Managing access (access versus conservation) • ‘Edutainment’ • Ownership

  12. Events as Attraction • MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Events) • Event types • Festivals • Tournaments • Other

  13. Events as Attraction • Mega-events • Legacies • Opportunities • Infrastructure improvements • Community involvement/development

  14. Visitor Interpretation • Various techniques • Signs and plates • Audio tours • Video screenings • Guidebooks/brochures • Personal interpretation (by tour guide) • The role of the Tourist Information Centre

  15. References • Leask, A. (2003) The nature and purpose of visitor attarctions. In: Fyall, A., Garrod, B. and Leask, A. (eds) Managing Visitor Attractions: New Directions. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam, pp. 5–15. • Swarbrooke, J. (2002) The Development & Management of Visitor Attractions, 2nd edn. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, UK. • Weaver, D. and Lawton, L. (2010) Tourism Management, 4th edn. Wiley and Sons, Milton, Australia.

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