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CERN Greenhouse Gas Inventory – Detector Cooling Background; Status on regulatory requirements; Inventory carried out in

CERN Greenhouse Gas Inventory – Detector Cooling Background; Status on regulatory requirements; Inventory carried out in 2005; Results of the inventory of 2011 for refrigerants; Comparative figures for emission of PFCs into the atmosphere; Conclusion. 1. Background

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CERN Greenhouse Gas Inventory – Detector Cooling Background; Status on regulatory requirements; Inventory carried out in

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  1. CERN Greenhouse Gas Inventory – Detector Cooling • Background; • Status on regulatory requirements; • Inventory carried out in 2005; • Results of the inventory of 2011 for refrigerants; • Comparative figures for emission of PFCs into the atmosphere; • Conclusion.

  2. 1. Background • On 19 November 2010, HSE unit gave a presentation to CERN Department Heads, summarizing the most relevant environmental domains to the Organization: • HSE Unit will propose indicators for each domain by the end of the year 2011; • Environmental initiatives taken within the Departments shall be communicated to EnricoCennini to centralize the information.

  3. 1. Background Subject of the meeting of today!

  4. 2. Status on regulatory requirements • Requirements fixed by the Kyoto Protocol (1997); • Requirements set in specific regulations of the European Union (Decision No 280/2004/EC and Regulation (EC) No 842/2006); • Requirements defined in France by the Livre V – Code de l’environnement – Fluidesfrigorigènes – Articles R.543-75 à R.543-123; • Requirements defined in Switzerland within the ORRCHIM (Annexes 1.5 & 2.10 of the Ordonnancesur la réduction des risquesliés à l’utilisation de substances, de préparations et d’objetparticulièrementdangeureux); • Declaration thresholds for PFCs in France and Switzerland: 100 kg/year of emission into the atmosphere (FR: Arrêté du 31/01/08; CH: ORRTP); • Today no CERN specific Safety Rule. HSE Unit considers to include some requirements within a General Safety Instruction, which would be part of a set of Safety Rules on Protection of the Environment.

  5. 3. Inventory carried out in 2005 • Request by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), mainly focusing on sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which is used as experimental gas at CERN (e.g. Alice); • In 2005 emissions of SF6 into the atmosphere were assessed to be around 150 kg/year during LHC operation, meaning 3’300 CO2 – equivalent tons (Global Warming Potential – GWP – of SF6 is 22’200); • In 2005 emissions of PFCs used as refrigerants for LHC experiments cooling systems were assessed to be around 2’030 kg/year during LHC operation (considering a loss of 10% along the cooling circuits), meaning approximately 17’460 CO2 – equivalent tons (GWP of PFCs between 8’600 and 9’000).

  6. 4. Results of the inventory of 2011 for refrigerants Questionnaire given to the DSOs by the end of March 2011. EN/CV provided the figures for all refrigerants concerned. Part linked to chillers and other air conditioning units: • Emission of 1’400 kg/year of HFCs and remaining HCFCs, meaning approximately 2’000 CO2 – equivalent tons1. Part linked to LHC detectors cooling systems: • Negligible emission of HFCs; • Averaged emissions of 8’246 kg/year of PFCs over the last five years, meaning approximately 70’916 CO2 – equivalent tons/year2; • Averaged emissions of 4’364 kg/year of PFCs over the last five years, excluding major leaks at CMS; • Forecast for the year 2011 according to present leaks (status May 2011): emissions of 2’371 kg/year (~ 20’391 CO2 – equivalent tons/year). 1 . GWP of 1300 for HFCs and of 400 for HCFCs. 2. GWP of 8600 used as average, although C6F14 has a GWP of 9000.

  7. 4. Results of the inventory of 2011 for refrigerants

  8. 5. Comparative figures for emission of PFCS into the atmosphere • Swiss inventory of Greenhouse Gases, status report of April 2011: The last figures from the year 2009 indicate at total emission of PFCs into the atmosphere of 34’700 CO2 – equivalent tons.

  9. 5. Comparative figures for emission of PFCS into the atmosphere • French inventory of Greenhouse Gases, status report of March 2011: The last figures from the year 2009 indicate at total emission of PFCs into the atmosphere of 400’000 CO2 – equivalent tons.

  10. 6. Conclusion • No specific regulatory requirements applicable to CERN in the field of monitoring the level of emissions of refrigerants and on restriction of usage, due to its international status and scientific research activities; • However, Host States Authorities may ask in future to report about emission of refrigerants. CERN shall be prepared to answer; • HSE Unit would recommend to concerned units (EN/CV and LHC cooling coordinators) to define a monitoring plan, report about the emission of refrigerants (e.g. on quarterly basis) and define achievable action plans to reduce these emissions.

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