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Language and the brain

Language and the brain. Detailed review. Anatomy of the brain. What is a hemisphere, and what is modularity/localization? Who are Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke , and what did they find out? What is Aphasia? What is the relationship between brain development and language development?.

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Language and the brain

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  1. Language and the brain Detailed review

  2. Anatomy of the brain • What is a hemisphere, and what is modularity/localization? • Who are Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke, and what did they find out? • What is Aphasia? • What is the relationship between brain development and language development?

  3. What is a hemisphere, and what is modularity/localization? • The surface area is called cortex. • The brain has a left and right hemisphere. • Hemispheres are connected through Corpus callosum.

  4. What is modularity/localization? • Modularity is the theory of localized brain functions • Phrenology

  5. Who are Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke, and what did they find out? • Broca: French anatomist/surgeon • Research with patients with language deficits • Autopsy showed one area in left hemisphere • Wernicke: German physician • Similar research • Identified additional area (Wernicke’s Area) Conclusion: Left brain hemisphere is responsible for Language

  6. What is Aphasia? • Neurological term for disorders that follow brain lesions caused by, for example, strokes. • Only on left side • Broca’s Aphasia • labored speech, word-finding pauses, disturbed word order, difficulties with function word ‘to’, ‘if’ • Wernicke’s Aphasia • fluently with good intonation & pronunciation but lexical errors: “Jargon aphasia”

  7. Broca’s Area & Wernicke’s Area Cortex Corpus callosum

  8. What is the relationship between brain development and language development? • Language learning and brain development go hand in hand. • Absence of language slows left hemisphere development • Damage of left hemisphere slows/impairs language development • Children need to be exposed to language early.

  9. Who is Noam Chomsky, and what is his theory? • Famous linguist from 20th century • First language is acquired, not learned • Children are never taught grammar rules • Humans have a LAD • Universal Grammar • LAD is in the left hemisphere? • Chomsky denies it

  10. What is the critical age hypothesis? • Children can only acquire native-like language skills from birth until puberty • LAD doesn’t seem to work longer than that • Linked to rain development • Ducklings

  11. Who is Genie and what does her case prove? • Abused child • Grew up in isolation and abuse • Deteriorated language skills • Lack of language exposure • Underdeveloped brain • Aphasic-like symptoms • Slow and limited language development • Confirms critical age hypothesis • Slow and limited language development • Confirms (in part)Chomsky’s theory of LAD

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