The 1950’s

1. The 1950’s Chapter 28

2. Conflicts of the Cold War The Eisenhower Edition Section 1

3. The Race is ON!!! • Soviets freak out Americans • Sputnik – worlds 1st Artificial satellite in space • Soviet • Americans scared of its capabilities • American Satellite failed – Vanguard • Space Race – 1st man in space • Soviets – Yari Gagarin • Project Mercury – 1st American

6. Foreign Policy • Sec. of state – John Foster Dulles • Eisenhower main advisor • No more containment – attack if necessary • Rely on NUKES – many times more powerful than A-bomb • Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles – • Fear of nuclear war

7. The Big Fear • Why are people so scared of nuclear war? • In the nuclear age, a minor crisis badly managed could lead to all out war

8. Crisis in the Middle East • Arabs vs. Israel • Egyptian President takes control of Suez Canal • Fighting between Egypt and Israel • UN stepped in

10. Crisis in Hungary • Rebel revolt for new gov’t • New gov’t ordered all Soviet troops out • Soviet take over • Eisenhower did not come in and help

12. Conflict in Southeast Asia • Former French colony - Vietnam • Communist leader Ho Chi Minh • Vietminh – rebel group • Fighting broke out – French vs. Vietminh • No US help • Country Split • North – Communist • South – French friendly

14. Conflict in Southeast Asia Cont.... • Domino Theory – one country falls others will follow • Eisenhower • US gives aide to South Vietnam

16. Troubles in Latin America • CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) overthrew possible communist gov’t in Guatemala • Anti-American feelings in Lat. Am. • Fidel Castro – rebel leader in Cuba • Supported by US • Turned out to be communist • US cuts all ties with Cuba

19. Cold War “Thaws” • Joseph Stalin dies, replaced by Nikita Khrushchev • Geneva Summit – a meeting of gov’t leaders • Discussed unifying Germany • Peaceful Coexistence – compete with each other but avoid war • Friendship ended when US spy plane (U-2) was shot down over Russia

21. 1950’s Prosperity Chapter 28 Section 2

22. Booming Economy • Gov’t Spending • Housing, schools, welfare, roads, etc… • More Technology=Higher Productivity • Produce more goods with the same amount of labor • Computers – fill whole rooms, IBM

23. Then and Now

24. Higher Incomes • Standard of Living – peoples over all quality of life • Per Capita Income – average individual income • $1,500 to $2,200 in 15 years • Increased affluence - wealth

25. Baby Boom!!! • Baby Boom – quick population increase • Population rises 20% (150 million to 179 mill.) • Factors for Baby Boom • Money • No War • Better Health Care • Stay at home moms • School enrollment UP!!!

26. Medical Advancements • Antibiotics and Vaccines • Dr. Jonas Salk – Polio Vaccine, totally wiped out polio

27. POLIO

28. Expanding Suburbs • 85% of homes are being built in the suburbs – communities on the edge of big cities • Mass produced housing • Affordable, Safe, sense of belonging • Mostly white

31. A Nation on Wheels • Cars made suburban life possible • A necessity • Interstate Highways • “Car Culture”, Drive Ins, Drive Thrus

33. Air Travel • Early 1950’s – Jet engine perfected • The 1st airline was replacing the railroad

34. Television • 1940 – 17,000 TV’s in America, 1960 – 90% of all homes had a TV • Entertainment, Information and Advertising • TV dinners • Influenced how people thought they should be living

35. 1950s TV

36. Rock ‘N’ Roll • Mixture of Blues, Country, Gospel and Jazz • Faster Paced, Electric Guitars • Aimed at younger generation • Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Elvis – “The King”, the Beatles • Generation Gap – differing attitudes towards music

37. POSTER PROJECT • Create a poster that advertises one of the new advancements in the 1950’s • Must include • Picture • Slogan • 2 to 3 sentence description of why it will change your life (Bullet Points are OK) • Must cover the entire page (full color) Computer – Air Travel – Car – Suburbs – Mass Produced Housing – Television – Refrigerator – Electric Stove – Vaccines - Toaster – Electric Guitar You can do an original one if approved by Mrs. Humphrey

41. Problems in Times of Plenty Chapter 28 Section 3

42. Rural Poverty • Large crop surpluses • Industrial farming • New machines replacing people • Small farms forced out of business • African American workers forced north • HIGH demand for synthetic products • Not natural or produced in a lab

43. Urban Poverty • “White Flight” – white people leaving cities • Automation – producing goods with machines • Less workers needed • Some parts of cities turned into ghettos • Large population of minorities

44. People Fight Back • The “problem” of materialism – focus on getting money and other stuff • “The Beats” – writers who spoke out against American society • Beatniks – followers of the beats • Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique • African Americans begin to fight for the CIVIL RIGHTS that they deserve

45. Writing Assignment The 1950’s was a decade of ups and downs. In two paragraphs please describe 3 positive and three negative things that occurred during this great decade. Please use complete sentences and proper spelling and grammar.