The Greek Roots of Democracy Chapter 1, Section 1

1. The Greek Roots of DemocracyChapter 1, Section 1

2. Warm-up: Take out your Notebook and copy the following= Name: Date: Period: Warm-ups: August 20-24 Copy the following in your notebook. The ? Plus your answer Monday: August 20 Why do we need a government? (Elaborate) 2. What does a society look like without a government? 3. What is your ideal government? 4. When you think government, what do you think of? (use phrases/words) Tuesday: August 16 Question: What are the push factors (reasons) that would cause people to move from one place to another? Explain with a minimum of 5 sentences Government

3. Overview of Chapter 1 What is a Republic? Constitution England Ancient Greece Ancient Rome

4. Objective of the main theme of the textbook

5. Molding a Government is like working with clay

6. Geography of Greece • Southern end of Balkan peninsula • By Mediterranean Sea • Mountainous region, restricted overland travel

7. Vocabulary Democracy: Rule by the many. A democracy is a type Everyone gets a vote. of government.

8. Vocabulary List • Monarchy • Republic • Tyrant • Dictator • Legislature • Jury • Consul • Veto • Ethics • Covenant *Provide a definition for each word, a visual (picture) that represents each word. A sentence with the word in it. Word Definition Sentence Picture

9. Objective: Understand the Greek Roots of Democracy INDIVIDUALLY READ JUST YOUR SECTION! (5-10 MINUTES)

10. Warm-up: Standards Review QuestionsChapter 1.1 Roots of Democracy • Why do you believe Socrates was put to death? Did he really pose a threat? 2. According to Plato, who should rule society? Do you agree or disagree with this? 3. What type of government did Aristotle prefer? Is this government ideal? Why or why not? (ELABORATE)

11. The Rise of the Greek City-States (Polis) • City-state (Polis): A city built with 2 levels • Hilltop (Acropolis) and flatter ground • Different forms of governing in each city-state • Forms of Government= • Monarchy: king or queen exercises central power • Aristocracy: small ruling group • Initially it was noble landowners then evolved into a new class of merchants, farmers, and artisans

12. Sparta • Located in Peloponnesus • Military state • At age 7, boys began training Government: • 2 kings and a council of elders who advised them • An assembly: made up of citizens, approved major decisions • Citizen: male, over 30 years old • Also elected 5 ephors, officials who held the real power and ran day-to-day affairs.

13. Athens: A Limited Democracy • Region of Attica • Democracy developed gradually • Began with monarchy and then aristocracy • Aristocracy (nobles in charge) • Athenian wealth and power grew • Discontent spread ; merchants and soldiers resented the power of the nobles (wanted more power due to service to Athens)

14. Objective: Understand the Greek Roots of Democracy Greek Rulers

15. Solon 594 B.C., leader -Aristocracy (rule by the _____) • Outlawed debt slavery • Ensured fairness and justice • Opened offices to more citizens • Loosened restrictions on citizenship (yet still limited) • Gave people more of a say in decision making • Fairness and Justice

16. Rise of Tyrants Pisistratus 546 B.C takes power -Merchant class - gave farmers and poor citizens a voice, weakened the aristocracy

17. Cleisthenes 507 B.C. • broadened the role of “ordinary” citizens in government • Set up a Council of 500, citizens of 30 years + • Prepared laws for the assembly and supervised day-to-day work of the government • Council debated laws • U.S. Legislature (lawmaking body)

18. Age of Pericles 460-429 B.C. • After Persian Wars: Athens=powerful city-state • Direct Democracy: many more citizens involved in the governmental process • All males invited regardless of social class. • Athens pays a fix salary to men who hold public office • Jury Duty: panel of citizens: authority to make final judgment . (American=13 jurors)

19. Was this really Democracy or Limited Democracy? • Only male citizens could participate in government • Few people qualified • Women and slaves were excluded You’re not allowed!

21. Greek Philosophers (lovers of wisdom) Moral and Ethical Principals: idea of goodness and establishment of standards of human behavior. Socrates and Citizenship: liked to question citizens about their beliefs (Socratic Method) • way to help others seek self-knowledge and truth • was put to trail and drank poison Plato and the Reason: School=The Academy The Republic: • Rejected democracy • The state should regulate every aspect of its citizens’ lives in order to provide best interests • Equality of all people at birth • 3 social classes: workers, soldiers, philosophers (rulers) • The philosopher to ensure order and justice

22. Wars=The Persian Wars • 500 B.C.=Athens emerged as wealthiest Greek City-state • Threat=Persians (Empire=Asia Minor all the way to India) • 490 B.C. Persian army landed in Marathon • Persians retreat • 10 years later, Persian force returns: Sparta and other city-states unite with Athens to defend Greece • Greek victory with the smashing of the Persian fleet off the Athenian coast • Greek defeat Persians one year later in Asia Minor

23. Wars=The Peloponnesian War • Power struggle between Athens and Sparta • Wanted to end Athen’s supremacy • Fighting=27 years • 404 B.C., Spartans captured Athens, ending Athenian domination of the Greek world