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Understanding Density: From Solids to Gases

Density is a measure of compactness, relating mass to volume. Discover how density affects the behavior of objects in water, from sinking to floating. Explore the concept of density across various states of matter, from ice to gases.

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Understanding Density: From Solids to Gases

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  1. FLOATS OR SINKS DENSITY

  2. Density It is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume. Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object. D= M/V g/ml or g/cm3

  3. DENSITY D = m/v (g/cm3) (g/ml) • Mass usually expressed in grams • Volume usually expressed in cm3 or milliliters, etc.

  4. Density • Density = amount of matter per unit volume • Density is the ratio of mass to volume • If the volume stays the same and the mass increases . . . the density will increase • If the mass stays the same and the volume increases . . . The density will decrease

  5. M ÷ ÷ DXV Mass= Density = Volume= M V M D The “DMV” Triangle forVolume, Mass, and Density DxV

  6. How close the atoms or molecules are to each other More than “heaviness” - density includes how much space an object takes up!! All substances have density including liquids, solids, and gases Density is the measure of the “compactness” of a material

  7. What would take up more space??? A kilogram of feathers…..or a kilogram of steel?? OR

  8. “Compactness”

  9. Density The density of water is 1.0 g/ml Objects with densities greater than 1.0 g/ml will sink in water

  10. Density Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

  11. Ice Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

  12. Solids Ice vs. water…..

  13. Gases • How much kinetic energy do the molecules have?? • The greater the kinetic energy • ……the greater the volume • …… and the less dense that gas is!! • Therefore, cold air is more dense than warm air

  14. Low pressure weather system means warmer air tends to rise, High pressure systems indicate a colder more dense air mass that will……. SINK!!!

  15. LIQUIDS • The more dissolved solids in a solution, the more dense (such as ocean water) • Cold water in lakes tend to sink (this creates a constant mixing of water, nutrients, and other substances) • Kinetic energy again!! Denser layers to less dense layers…..

  16. What would happen???? • Mercury density = 13600kg/m3 • Lead density = 11340kg/m3

  17. Lead floats on liquid mercury!

  18. Solids Ice vs. water…..

  19. SOLIDS • Ice is less dense than water (which is why lakes and ponds have a thin layer of ice covering in winter, with water underneath) • Various rocks, woods, metals have a characteristic density specific to that substance Wouldn’t you like to have a bunch of THIS dense material?

  20. Archimedes and the Kings Crown http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/images/2007/07/18/archimedes.jpg

  21. Calculations If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

  22. Calculation If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

  23. Calculation If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

  24. What is specific gravity? A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

  25. Density Table SINK or FLOAT In Water (D = 1.0 g/mL) Float Float Float Sink Sink Sink Float (alcohol) Float (fuel)

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