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Types of Nuclear Reactions… Transmutation:

Types of Nuclear Reactions… Transmutation: Elements with atomic number ______ or higher ______________ exist naturally. They are created, through transmutation, in nuclear reactors or accelerators!. One element is changed into another by changes in the nucleus. 93. do not. Fission:

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Types of Nuclear Reactions… Transmutation:

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  1. Types of Nuclear Reactions… • Transmutation: • Elements with atomic number ______ or higher ______________ exist naturally. They are created, through transmutation, in nuclear reactors or accelerators! One element is changed into another by changes in the nucleus 93 do not

  2. Fission: • Splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments • The neutrons given off can bombard more nuclei, causing a chain reaction. This chain reaction gives off lots of ________________. energy Fission reactions take place in _________________________, and fission was the driving force behind the ___________________. nuclear reactors atomic bomb

  3. Nuclear Fission: Large nuclei are split http://www.atomicarchive.com/Movies/Movie4.shtml

  4. A large smaller stability more

  5. Fusion: • Two or more nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus. • Fusion takes place in the ___________. • Fusion requires very high temperatures • ( ), so we cannot use it as an energy source. sun 1.5 x 107 ˚ C

  6. NUCLEAR FUSION http://www.atomicarchive.com/Movies/Movie5.shtml

  7. Two a larger even more sun stars

  8. USES OF RADIOACTIVITY Smoke detector A smoke detector has the radioactive isotope ____________. It decays by alpha emission. Americium-241

  9. The air is able to conduct a _________ to a sensing device. The alpha particles _________ the air inside of the detector. current ionize

  10. smoke When _________ is present, it blocks the sensor and the current is not passed. When this happens it triggers an _______. alarm BEEP BEEP

  11. Irradiated Foods • _____________ destroys viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites and insects. • 1963-used for _________ and ________ • 1993-used for spices from other countries Gamma radiation wheat flour Today it is used for meat, pork, poultry, _______ & _________. fruits vegetables

  12. __________ is used on almost all food; strawberries for ___minutes, poultry for _____minutes. Extends shelf life by __________. Canned foods up to _________. Cobalt-60 8 20 1-2 weeks 2 years Concern: there is a need to study the URP: _______________________. These are changes that occur in irradiated foods. unique radiological products

  13. Determining the thickness of foils and plastic wrap… radiation Shoot ________ through foil and or plastic wrap…radiation detectors on the other side…if ____________ radiation passes through, the item was too thin…if not enough radiation passes through, the item was ____________ too much too thick

  14. Cancer Treatment… Example: __________cancer is treated with ________. Gamma radiation kills ___________________ (cancer cells). Unfortunately, also kills hair, stomach lining etc. Thyroid Iodine-131 the fastest growing cells

  15. Neutron Activation Analysis … Identifying chemical substances without __________ the material being studied. Used to identify elements in __________, crime detection, etc. Shoots __________ at material. Some neutrons are absorbed and then cause ______ to occur. By looking at the daughter nuclei and radiation formed it is possible to tell what _________________ were present to begin with. destroying meteorites neutrons fission type of elements

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