LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Young Planners Working Group Planning and territorial cohesion Cohesion of a metropolitan Area, Cohesion of a Region --A case study of the Lille Metropolitan Area and its Regional hinterland French Team / April 17th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Plan General informations about the area of study The ‘layer approach’ a. Geophysics b. Main infrastructures c. Occupations: agriculture, industry, services, housing C. Planning system French Team / April 17th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA A – General Information • Population: +0.13%/year from 1999 to 2007 • (France +0.7%, Belgium +0.44%) • Young population compared to Belgian average • Foreign people: 4% (France 5.8%, Belgium 8.8%) • Immigration: -3.9% • Forecasts • By 2040, +5.7% for a total of 4 000 000 inhabitants, with +0.17%/ year from 2007 to 2040 (France and Belgium: +0.41 and 0+46) • = 2 965 000 on the French side (+0.13%/ year) • 1 028 000 on the Belgian side (+0.25%/year) Source : Insee (France), DGSIE (Belgium)

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.a – Geophysics • The river system and the topography connect the Lille metropolis to the Flanders plain. • The Flanders plain is characterized by several rivers meeting on the territory: the Lys, Deûle and Marque. • Woods and wetlands are also present in this area, with work being done by local authorities to protect these ecosystems. • Isolated flood risks exist for some cities (including the Lille metropolis). • => Access and landscape improvements could be a federative element for the geographical region.

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.a – Geophysics Topography of the Lille Métropole area

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.b – Main infrastructures • Important railway systems for both metropolitan and regional cohesion • Waterways + water freight hubs: huge potential for development in the region • The Lille metropolis: a node for road infrastructures • => Strengths: high speed rail, waterways • Weaknesses: small airport capacity, heavy traffic • Opportunities: freight rail highway (Lille/Paris/Hendaye); Seine Nord waterway (linking Cambrai to Paris) • Threats: development of the regional railway system, Paris/Amiens/London project

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.b – Main infrastructures

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.c – Occupation: Agriculture • Specificities: • - Exceptionally large share of the area: 60% • - Periurban • Strengths • - High productivity • - Leader in several products • Weaknesses: • - Environmental concerns • - Urban pressure

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.c – Occupation: Agriculture

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.c – Occupation: Industry • At regional level • Specificities: • - 22% of total regional employment (national average: 16%) • - Leader in a diverse range of heavy industries • - Deindustrialization: encompasses various situations according to the sector/market segment • Main industries:

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.c – Occupation: Industry • Case of the Lille agglomeration • Specificities • - Diversified pattern of industries • - Concentration of regional R&D capacities • Strengths: • - Large industrial labour pool • - Education/research facilities • Weaknesses: • - Land scarcity for industrial plants • - Transport network saturation • - Competition with Belgium, Ile-de-France, UK

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.c – Occupation: Housing • Famiy size. • Average: 2.49 persons/household in the metropolitan area. This is quite a high level when compared with the national French and Belgian levels: 2.3 people per household. • Affordability: 53% are owners (75% on the Belgian side) • Areas with highest ownership rates: • the rural Artois subregion (over 84%), • periurban areas south from Lille, and the districts of Ypres or Tielt (around 80%). • Areas with under average homeownership rates: • the « mining arc » south from Lille • large municipalities of Lille, Roubaix, Villeneuve and Tourcoing (about 25%).

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.c – Occupation: Housing • Quality • Supply in Lille Metropole and Valenciennes is more of small units (1 to 2 rooms). • Housing stock • ¾ individual houses (80% on Belgian side) • = accomodation space above average (3 to 4 rooms) in urban areas other than Lille and Valenciennes and in territories bordering on Lille Metropole • + • High proportion of substandard housing (17% in Lille, 16% in Tourcoing and 14% in Roubaix) • New constructions: 58 700 units built between 2001 and 2006 • = more than 11.6 % of the housing stock younger than 7 years in 2008: a high rate of new constructions.

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B.c – Occupation: Housing • Housing cost and per capita income • Average per capita income: €12,000 for Lille Métropole, 2005 • Average apartment price: €118 200 • Average home price: €133 200 • Price differentials are fairly small between the Belgian and French sides; they are only substantial in major cities: €122 200 in Lille Metropole, €127 500 in Ypres. • Property market • Transactions mailny concern individual houses, with major price differences according to the area. • Ex.: • - houses less expensive in Belgium than in France (€120 200 vs €141 900 • high prices in France’s major urban centres and selected periurban areas (over €180 000) • very low prices in less attractive territories (mining area or Maubeuge Val de Sambre), where they are sometimes about €100 000.

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA C. – Planning governance • France has two contradictory traditions of territorial organization: centralization, with the state as the reference entity; decentralization, with the town council as the key unit • ... Town councils are moving to more cooperation: fragmented and small-sized • = the inter-municipal co-operation structures like Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine • The state as reference for national planning • Planning powers: Centralised regulations applicable to the whole territory • Laws: State tools for national projects • Decentralised planning bodies • - At the agglomeration level: SCOT (territorial cohesion scheme): coordinates all sectoral planning policies for the agglomeration (transport, housing etc.) • - At the town council level: PLU (Plan local d’urbanisme): for land use and zoning for buildings.

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA C. – Planning governance • The case of the Lille conurbation and the region: the metropolitan area • Leadership: LMCU, especially with mayors of Lille (Mauroy and Aubry). • Metropolitan Strategy: Urban Planning Agencies (especially ADULM), Mission Coalfield. • Economic development: chambersof trade and commerce, APILM (agency promoting Lille Métropole internationally). • Business associations: Grand Lille committee

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Conclusion • Lille Métropole and its hinterland: • Well-integrated on some points, but potential for widening discrepancies • Territorial cohesion in the area: • A concern for the agglomeration as well as the wider region • Our project: • To find the opportunities for the harmonious developent of the metropolis and its hinterland, using territorial cohesion as a tool

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA • Thank you for your attention! • Anne-Sophie Pawlowski • Carole Ropars • Benjamin Sautjeau • Pierre-Marie Simon • William Ten Have Dallinga • Clément Tricot • Benjamin Wehrly

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA