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Chief Divisions of Jesus’ Life

Chief Divisions of Jesus’ Life. 1. Jesus ’ Divine Preexistence (Heaven) 2. Jesus’ Divine Birth (Bethlehem) and Childhood (Egypt/Nazareth) 3. Jesus’ Divine Baptism (Jordan River) and Early Judean Ministry (Jerusalem ) 4. Jesus’ Divine Galilean Ministry (Capernaum, Sea of Galilee )

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Chief Divisions of Jesus’ Life

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  1. Chief Divisions of Jesus’ Life 1. Jesus’ Divine Preexistence (Heaven) 2. Jesus’ Divine Birth (Bethlehem) and Childhood (Egypt/Nazareth) 3. Jesus’ Divine Baptism (Jordan River) and Early Judean Ministry (Jerusalem) 4. Jesus’ Divine Galilean Ministry (Capernaum, Sea of Galilee) 5. Jesus’ Divine Perean and Late Judean Ministry (Jericho) 6. Jesus’ Divine Passion Week (Jerusalem/Bethany) and Crucifixion (Jerusalem) 7. Jesus’ Divine Resurrection (Jerusalem), Appearances (Jerusalem, Galilee), and Ascension (Mount of Olives)

  2. Luke 4:14-30 • 14And Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and news about Him spread through all the surrounding district. 15 And He began teaching in their synagogues and was praised by all. 16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and as was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath, and stood up to read. 17 And the book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. And He opened the book and found the place where it was written, 18 "THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD IS UPON ME, BECAUSE HE ANOINTED ME TO PREACH THE GOSPEL TO THE POOR. HE HAS SENT ME TO PROCLAIM RELEASE TO THE CAPTIVES, AND RECOVERY OF SIGHT TO THE BLIND, TO SET FREE THOSE WHO ARE OPPRESSED, 19 TO PROCLAIM THE FAVORABLE YEAR OF THE LORD." 20 And He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him. 21 And He began to say to them, "Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing." 22 And all were speaking well of Him, and wondering at the gracious words which were falling from His lips; and they were saying, "Is this not Joseph's son?" 23 And He said to them, "No doubt you will quote this proverb to Me, 'Physician, heal yourself! Whatever we heard was done at Capernaum, do here in your hometown as well.'" 24 And He said, "Truly I say to you, no prophet is welcome in his hometown. 25 "But I say to you in truth, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut up for three years and six months, when a great famine came over all the land; 26 and yet Elijah was sent to none of them, but only to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow. 27 "And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet; and none of them was cleansed, but only Naaman the Syrian." 28 And all the people in the synagogue were filled with rage as they heard these things; 29 and they got up and drove Him out of the city, and led Him to the brow of the hill on which their city had been built, in order to throw Him down the cliff. 30 But passing through their midst, He went His way.

  3. Jesus came in the power of the Spirit • He was praised by all (but not believed, trusted, or followed by all) • He entered the Synagogue on Saturday and their practice was similar to ours • His custom (priority, discipline, habit, regular practice) • He read the Scripture and explained the Word • Jewish custom was to have one’s head covered and to stand when reading the Holy Scriptures • A distinction was made between the Scripture and the Expositor – stood to read the Scripture, sat down to give his sermon

  4. Synagogue Worship • Usually in New Testament of public reading. 7 After the liturgical services which introduced the worship of the synagogue, the "minister" took a roll of the law from the ark, removed its case and wrappings, and then called upon some one to read. On the Sabbaths, at least seven persons were called on successively to read portions of the law, none of them consisting of less than three verses. After the law followed a section from the prophets, which was succeeded immediately by a discourse. It was this section which Jesus read and expounded. See Acts 13:15; Nehemiah 8:5, 8. • Acts 13:14-16 14 But going on from Perga, they arrived at Pisidian Antioch, and on the Sabbath day they went into the synagogue and sat down. 15 After the reading of the Law and the Prophets the synagogue officials sent to them, saying, "Brethren, if you have any word of exhortation for the people, say it." 16 Paul stood up, and motioning with his hand said, "Men of Israel, and you who fear God, listen…” • Nehemiah 8:5-6 5 Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people for he was standing above all the people; and when he opened it, all the people stood up. 6 Then Ezra blessed the LORD the great God. And all the people answered, "Amen, Amen!" while lifting up their hands; then they bowed low and worshiped the LORD with their faces to the ground…8They read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading.

  5. Isaiah 61:1-11 • The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, Because the LORD has anointed me To bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to captives And freedom to prisoners; 2 To proclaim the favorable year of the LORD And the day of vengeance of our God; To comfort all who mourn, 3 To grant those who mourn in Zion, Giving them a garland instead of ashes, The oil of gladness instead of mourning, The mantle of praise instead of a spirit of fainting. So they will be called oaks of righteousness, The planting of the LORD, that He may be glorified. 4 Then they will rebuild the ancient ruins, They will raise up the former devastations; And they will repair the ruined cities, The desolations of many generations. 5 Strangers will stand and pasture your flocks, And foreigners will be your farmers and your vinedressers. 6 But you will be called the priests of the LORD; You will be spoken of as ministers of our God. You will eat the wealth of nations, And in their riches you will boast. 7 Instead of your shame you will have a double portion, And instead of humiliation they will shout for joy over their portion. Therefore they will possess a double portion in their land, Everlasting joy will be theirs. 8 For I, the LORD, love justice, I hate robbery in the burnt offering; And I will faithfully give them their recompense And make an everlasting covenant with them. 9 Then their offspring will be known among the nations, And their descendants in the midst of the peoples. All who see them will recognize them Because they are the offspring whom the LORD has blessed. 10 I will rejoice greatly in the LORD, My soul will exult in my God; For He has clothed me with garments of salvation, He has wrapped me with a robe of righteousness, As a bridegroom decks himself with a garland, And as a bride adorns herself with her jewels. 11 For as the earth brings forth its sprouts, And as a garden causes the things sown in it to spring up, So the Lord GOD will cause righteousness and praise To spring up before all the nations.

  6. Year of Jubilee • Leviticus 25:8-17 8 'You are also to count off seven sabbaths of years for yourself, seven times seven years, so that you have the time of the seven sabbaths of years, namely, forty-nine years. 9 'You shall then sound a ram's horn abroad on the tenth day of the seventh month; on the day of atonement you shall sound a horn all through your land. 10 'You shall thus consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim a release through the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, and each of you shall return to his own property, and each of you shall return to his family. 11 'You shall have the fiftieth year as a jubilee; you shall not sow, nor reap its aftergrowth, nor gather in from its untrimmed vines. 12 'For it is a jubilee; it shall be holy to you. You shall eat its crops out of the field. 13 'On this year of jubilee each of you shall return to his own property. 14 'If you make a sale, moreover, to your friend or buy from your friend's hand, you shall not wrong one another. 15 'Corresponding to the number of years after the jubilee, you shall buy from your friend; he is to sell to you according to the number of years of crops. 16 'In proportion to the extent of the years you shall increase its price, and in proportion to the fewness of the years you shall diminish its price, for it is a number of crops he is selling to you. 17 'So you shall not wrong one another, but you shall fear your God; for I am the LORD your God.

  7. Anointed me (exrisen me). First aorist active indicative of the verb xriw from which • Christ (Xristov)is derived, the Anointed One. Isaiah is picturing the Jubilee year and the release of captives and the return from the Babylonian exile with the hope of the Messiah through it all. Jesus here applies this Messianic language to himself. "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me" as was shown at the baptism (Luke 3:21) where he was also "anointed" for his mission by the Father's voice (3:22).

  8. Good News to the Afflicted/Poor • rf;B' basarMeaning: to bear glad tidings • wn"[' anavMeaning: poor, afflicted, humble, meek • To the poor (ptwxoiv).Jesus singles this out also as one of the items to tell John the Baptist in prison (Luke 7:22). Our wordGospel is a translation of the Greek Euaggelion, and it is for the poor.

  9. Bind up the Brokenhearted • vb;x' chabashMeaning: to bind, bind on, bind up • rb;v' shabarMeaning: to break, break in pieces Them that are bruised (tetrausmenouv).Perfect passive participle of trauw, an old verb, but here only in the N.T. It means to break in pieces broken in heart and often in body as well. One loves to think that Jesus felt it to be his mission to mend broken hearts like pieces of broken earthenware, real rescue-mission work. Jesus mends them and sets them free from their limitations.

  10. Liberty for the Captives • rArD> deror • Meaning: a flowing, free run, liberty • hb'v' shabahMeaning: to take captive To the captives (aixmalwtoiv).Prisoners of war will be released (aixmh, a spear point, and alwtov, fromaliskomai, to be captured). Captured by the spear point. Common word, but here only in the N.T.

  11. Freedom for Prisoners • x;Aqxq;P. peqach-qoach • Meaning: an opening • rs;a' asar Meaning: to tie, bind, imprison

  12. Favorable Year of Yahweh • !Acr' ratsonor !cor' ratsonMeaning: goodwill, favor, acceptance, will • hn"v' shanahMeaning: a year • hwhyYhvh(i.e. hA'hy> Yehovahor hw<h.y" Yahveh) Meaning: the proper name of the God of Israel

  13. Luke 4:19 (Robertson’s Word Pictures) • The acceptable year of the Lord (eniautonKurioudekton).He does not mean that his ministry is to be only one year in length as Clement of Alexandria and Origen argued. That is to turn figures into fact. The Messianic age has come, Jesus means to say. On the first day of the year of Jubilee the priests with sound of trumpet proclaimed the blessings of that year (Leviticus 25:8-17). This great passage justly pictures Christ's conception of his mission and message.

  14. Marvin Vincent: N.T. Word Studies • 16-31. Peculiar to Luke. • 16. Nazareth. With the article; that Nazareth where he had been brought up. • Stood up. Not as a sign that he wished to expound, but being summoned by the superintendent of the synagogue. • To read (anagnwnai). Usually in New Testament of public reading. 7 After the liturgical services which introduced the worship of the synagogue, the "minister" took a roll of the law from the ark, removed its case and wrappings, and then called upon some one to read. On the Sabbaths, at least seven persons were called on successively to read portions of the law, none of them consisting of less than three verses. After the law followed a section from theprophets, which was succeeded immediately by a discourse. It was this section which Jesus read and expounded. See Acts xiii. 15; Nehamiah viii. 5, 8. For a detailed account of the synagogue-worship, see Edersheim, "Life and Times of Jesus," i., 430 sq. • 17. The book (biblion). A diminutive of biblov, the inner bark of the papyrus, used for writing. Hence, a roll. The word is also used to denote a division of a work, and is therefore appropriate here to mark the writings of a singleprophet as related to the whole body of the prophetic writings. Opened (anaptuxav). Lit., unrolled. Both this and the simple verb ptussw, to close, (verse 30), occure only once in the New Testament. The former word was used in medical language of the opening out of various parts of the body, and the latter of the rolling up of bandages. The use of these terms by Luke the physician is the more significant from the fact that elsewhere in the New Testament ajnoigw, is used for the opening of a book (Apoc. v. 2-5; x. 2, 8; xx. 12) and eijlissw, for rolling it up (Apoc. vi. 14). • Found. As if by chance: reading at the place where the roll opened of itself, and trusting to divine guidance. • Was written (hngegrammenon). Lit., was having been written; i.e., stood written. • 18. Anointed. See on Christ, Matt. i. 1. • To preach good tidings. See on Gospel, Superscription of Matthew. • To the poor (ptwcoiv). See on Matt. v. 3. • To heal the broken hearted. The best texts omit. So Rev. To preach (khruxai). Better as Rev., proclaim, as a herald. See on 2 Peter ii. 5. • To the captives (aicmalwtoiv). From aijcmh, a spear point, and aJliskomai, to be taken or conquered. Hence, properly, of prisoners of war. Compare Isa. xlii. 7: "To bring out captives from the prison, and those who sit in darknessfrom the house of restraint." The allusion is to Israel, both as captive exiles and as prisoners of Satan in spiritualbondage. Wyc. has caytifs, which formerly signified captives. • To set at liberty (aposteilai). Lit., to send away in discharge. Inserted from the Sept. of Isa. lviii. 6. See on chapter iii. 3, and Jas. v. 15. Them that are bruised (teqrausmenouv). Lit., broken in pieces. Only here in New Testament. Wyc., to deliver broken men into remission. The same Hebrew word is used in Isa. xlii. 3. "a crushedseed shall he not break," which the Septuagint translates by teqlasmenon, a word which does not occur in the New Testament. In the citation of this latter passage (Matt. xii. 20, on which see) the word for bruised is suntribw, which the Septuagint uses for break. • 19. To preach (Rev., proclaim).the acceptable year of the Lord. As on the first day of the year of Jubilee, when the priests went through the land proclaiming, with sound of trumpet, the blessings of the opening year (Lev. xxv. 8-17). Note verse 10, where liberty is to be proclaimed to all in that year. Wyc., the year of the Lord pleasant. A literal interpretation of the word year gave rise among some of the Christian fathers to the theory that our Lord's ministry lasted but a single year.

  15. Marvin Vincent: N.T. Word Studies • 20. He closed (ptuxav). See on verse 17. • Minister (uphreth). See on Matt. v. 25. Lit., as Rev., attendant. • Minister is likely to be misunderstood as referring to the president of the congregation, who, as the teaching elder, would have addressed the people if Jesus had not done so. It means the attendant who had charge of the sacredrolls. He was a salaried officer, a kind of chapel-clerk. • Sat down. As about to teach; that being the habitual position of a Jewishteacher. • Were fastened (hsanatenizontev). The participle and finite verb denoting continuous, steadfast attention. The verb, from teinw, to stretch, denotes fixed attention. Indeed, the word attention itself, etymologically considered, conveys the same idea. • 21. He began. Not necessarily denoting his first words, but indicating a solemn and weighty opening. • 22. Bare him witness. Compare verse 14. They confirmed the reports which had been circulated about him. Note the imperfect tense. There was a continuous stream of admiring comment. Similarly, were wondering. At the gracious words (logoivthvcaritov). Literally and correctly, as Rev., words of grace. See on chapter i. 30. • Is not (ouci). Expecting an affirmative answer. • 23. Surely (pantwv). Lit., by all means. Rev., doubtless. • Proverb (parabolhn). Rev., parable. See on Matt. xiii. 3. Wyc., likeness. • Physician, heal thyself. A saying which Luke alone records, and which would forcibly appeal to him as a physician. Galen speaks of a physician who should have cured himself before he attempted to attend patients. The same appeal was addressed to Christ on the cross (Matt. xxvii. 40, 42). • 25. A great famine was throughout all the land (egenetolimovmegavepipasanthnghn). More literally and correctly, as Rev., there came (or arose) a great famine over all the land. • 27. Lepers. Wyc., renders meselis, the middle English word for a leper, and derived from misellus, a diminutive of the Latin miser, wretched. • 29. The brow (ofruov). Only here in New Testament. Wyc., cope, which is originally cap or hood. The word is used in medical language both of the eyebrows and of other projections of the body. It would naturally occur to aphysician, especially since the same epithets were applied to the appearance of the eyebrows in certain diseases as were appplied to hills. Thus Hippocrates, describing a deadlyfever, says, "The eyebrows in elephantiasis, depicts them as problhtev, projecting, and ojcqwdeiv, like mounds. Stanley says: "Most readers probably from these words imagine a town built on the summit of a mountain, from which summit the intended precipitation was to take place. This is not the situation of Nazareth; yet its position is still in accordance with the narrative. It is built upon, that is, on the side of a mountain, but the brow is not beneath, but over the town, and such a cliff as is here implied is found in the abrupt face of a limestone rock about thirty or forty feet high, overhanging the Maronite convent at the southwest corner of the town" ("Sinai and Palestine"). • Cast him down headlong (katakrhmnisai). Only here in New Testament, and in the Septuagint only in 2 Chron. xxv. 12.

  16. Nazareth was on top of the mountain to the right.  It extended behind the front ridge including behind the mountain where the road cut is.  This mountain to the left is called Mount Precipice. 

  17. Traditional Site: Mount Precipice

  18. Calvin abridged: Christ did not address the people only in the open streets and highways but also in the usual order of worship. One great thing stood and that was the reading and explaining of scripture. So we see the true meaning of the Sabbath. It was not to refrain from work just to rest, but also to worship. We continue the Sabbath’s meaning by our observance of worship on the Lord’s Day. Christ chose this passage in Isaiah because he alone, by the power of the Spirit, performs and grants all the blessings here. The persons God restores are called the poor, the broken, the captives, the blind, and the bruised. Here God cheers us from terrible and overwhelming evil and misery by his light. “The acceptable year of the Lord” – some say this refers to the Jubilee or time of redemption. The time of redemption depends on the good pleasure of God. 20- Those listening to him were astonished. 21- “Today is fulfilled” – Christ did not merely read this scripture, but applied it to his life. Instead of marveling that God raised Jesus up from Joseph and glorifying God, they raise this as an objection and are offended by it. Many grasp frivolous excuses to disobey and not hear God’s voice. We make our own hindrances. 

  19. Modern Nazareth

  20. Har Nitai – the real Nazareth?

  21. Citadel useful for a Roman outpost

  22. 1.7 Miles from Capernaum

  23. Jesus Rejected at Nazareth(Matthew 13.53-58; Mark 6.1-6) •  And when Jesus had finished these parables, he went away from there, 54 and coming to his hometown he taught them in their synagogue, so that they were astonished, and said, “Where did this man get this wisdom and these mighty works? 55 Is not this the carpenter’s son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not his brothers James and Joseph and Simon and Judas? 56 And are not all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things?” 57 And they took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown and in his own household.” 58 And he did not do many mighty works there, because of their unbelief. • He went away from there and came to his hometown, and his disciples followed him. And on the Sabbath he began to teach in the synagogue, and many who heard him were astonished, saying, “Where did this man get these things? What is the wisdom given to him? How are such mighty works done by his hands? 3 Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? And are not his sisters here with us?” And they took offense at him. 4 And Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor, except in his hometown and among his relatives and in his own household.” 5 And he could do no mighty work there, except that he laid his hands on a few sick people and healed them. 6 And he marveled because of their unbelief.

  24. Naaman the Syrian • Elijah & the Widow of Zarephath

  25. ZAREPHATHzar'-e-fath (tsarephath; Sarepta): The Sidonian town in which Elijah was entertained by a widow after he left the brook Cherith (1 Kings 17:9). Obadiah refers to it as a Canaanite (probably meaning Phoenicia) town (Obadiah 1:20). It appears in the Greek form Sarepta in Luke 4:26 (the King James Version), and is said to be in the land of Sidon. Josephus (Ant., VIII, xiii, 2) says it was not "far from Sidon and Tyre, for it lay between them." Eusebius, Onomasticon (s.v. "Sarefta"), places it on the public road, i.e. the road along the seashore. It can be no other than the modern Sarafend, about 13 miles North of Tyre, on the spur of the mountain which divides the plain of Tyre from that of Sidon.The site of the ancient town is marked by the ruins on the shore to the South of the modern village, about 8 miles to the South of Sidon, which extend along the shore for a mile or more. They are in two distinct groups, one on a headland to the West of a fountain called Ain el-Qantara, which is not far from the shore. Here was the ancient harbor which still affords shelter for small craft. The other group of ruins is to the South, and consists of columns, sarcophagi and marble slabs, indicating a city of considerable importance. The modern village of Sarafend was built some time after the 12th century, since at the time of the Crusades the town was still on the shore.It is conjectured that the Syrophoenician woman mentioned in Luke 4:26 was an inhabitant of Zarephath., and it is possible that our Lord visited the place in His journey to the region as narrated in Mark 7:24-31, for it is said that he "came through Sidon unto the sea of Galilee."

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