Requirements of Web Publishing

1. Requirements of Web Publishing Information & Communication Technology - 2006

2. Requirements of Web Publishing • There are many things to consider before you publish a web site. • These are called requirements of web • publishing. • These requirements are • ISP • Web Server • URL • IP Address

3. ISP ISP stand for Internet Service Provider. This is a company that provides an Internet connection.Small ISPs provide service via modem and ISDN while the larger ones also offer private line hookups. The major online services such as America Online provide Internet access but are still known as "online services", not ISPs. They offer the members only content, forums and services in addition to Internet access.

4. Web Server Let's say that you are sitting at your computer, surfing the Web, and you get a call from a friend who says, "I just read a great article! Type in this URL and check it out. It's at http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm." So you type that URL into your browser and press return. And magically, no matter where in the world that URL lives, the page pops up on your screen. At the most basic level possible, the following diagram shows the steps that brought that page to your screen:

5. Web Server Cont.. Then we will discuss about URL

6. URL An acronym for "Uniform Resource Locator," this is the address of a resource on the Internet. World Wide Web URLs begin with http:// Example: the URL for the Department of Education home page is: http://www.doenets.lk.htm This is the standard way to give the address of any resource on the Internet that is part of the World Wide Web (WWW). This is the unique identifier, or address, of a web page on the Internet. It provides a way of uniquely specifying the address of any document on the Internet.

7. URL Cont.. The typical URL specifies the method used to access the resource (the protocol), the name of the host computer on which it is located, and the path of the resource, eg : The protocol specified in this example is http (HyperText Transfer Protocol), the protocol of the World Wide Web. URL includes the type of naming scheme employed (http, ftp, telnet, news, file, etc.), a separating colon, the location of the host, and a path to the resource. URLs may be either absolute (containing the entire address of the resource) or relative (containing only a part of the address).

8. Web Server Cont.. Your browser formed a connection to a Web server, requested a page and received it. Behind the Scenes If you want to get into a bit more detail on the process of getting a Web page onto your computer screen, here are the basic steps that occurred behind the scenes: The browser broke the URL into three parts: The protocol ("http") The server name ("www.howstuffworks.com") The file name ("web-server.htm")

9. Web Server Cont.. The browser communicates with a name server to translate the server name "www.howstuffworks.com" into an IP Address, which it used to connect to the server machine. The browser then form a connection to the server at that IP address on port 80.

10. IP Address Each machine connected to the Internet has an address known as an Internet Protocol address (IP address). The IP address takes the form of four numbers separated by dots. Network addresses are usually of two types: (1) the physical or hardware address of a network interface card; for Ethernet this 48-bit address might be 0260.8C00.7666. The hardware address is used to forward packets within a physical network. (2) The logical or IP Address is used to facilitate moving data between physical networks and is made up of a network number, a sub network number, and a host number

11. IP Address Cont.. Every machine that is on a network (a local network, or the network of the Internet) has a unique IP number [four sets of numbers divided by period with up to three numbers in each set. (Ie 192.168.0.1)] - If a machine does not have an IP address it cannot be on a network. Most machines also have one or more Domain Names that are easier for people to remember.

12. IP Address Cont.. The "address" or URL of a particular Web site. This is also how you describe the name that is at the right of the @ sign in an Internet address. For example, netlingo.com is the domain name of this Internet dictionary. There is an organization called InterNIC that registers domain names for a small fee and keeps people from registering the same name. Most recently, more domain names will be allowed due to new suffixes coming out.

13. IP Address Cont.. Every machine on the Internet has a unique IP address. A server has a static IP address that does not change very often. A home machine that is dialing up through a modem often has an IP address that is assigned by the ISP when the machine dials in. That IP address is unique for that session -- it may be different the next time the machine dials in. This way, an ISP only needs one IP address for each modem it supports, rather than for each customer.

14. Web Server Cont.. Following the HTTP protocol, the browser sent a GET request to the server, asking for the file "http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm." (Note that cookies may be sent from browser to server with the GET request -- see How Internet Cookies Work for details.)  The server then sent the HTML text for the Web page to the browser. (Cookies may also be sent from server to browser in the header for the page.)

15. Web Server Cont.. The browser read the HTML tags and formatted the page onto your screen. If you've never explored this process before, that's a lot of new vocabulary. To understand this whole process in detail, you need to learn about IP addresses, ports, protocols... The following sections will lead you through a complete explanation. The Internet

16. Web Server Cont.. So what is "the Internet"? The Internet is a gigantic collection of millions of computers, all linked together on a computer network. The network allows all of the computers to communicate with one another. A home computer may be linked to the Internet using a phone-line modem, DSL or cable modem that talks to an Internet service provider (ISP). A computer in a business or university will usually have a network interface card (NIC) that directly connects it to a local area network (LAN) inside the business.

17. Web Server Cont.. The business can then connect its LAN to an ISP using a high-speed phone line like a T1 line. A T1 line can handle approximately 1.5 million bits per second, while a normal phone line using a modem can typically handle 30,000 to 50,000 bits per second. ISPs then connect to larger ISPs, and the largest ISPs maintain fiber-optic "backbones" for an entire nation or region. Backbones around the world are connected through fiber-optic lines, undersea cables or satellite links (see An Atlas of Cyberspaces for some interesting backbone maps). In this way, every computer on the Internet is connected to every other computer on the Internet.

18. Web Server Cont..

19. Web Server Cont.. The business can then connect its LAN to an ISP using a high-speed phone line like a T1 line. A T1 line can handle approximately 1.5 million bits per second, while a normal phone line using a modem can typically handle 30,000 to 50,000 bits per second. ISPs then connect to larger ISPs, and the largest ISPs maintain fiber-optic "backbones" for an entire nation or region. Backbones around the world are connected through fiber-optic lines, undersea cables or satellite links (see An Atlas of Cyberspaces for some interesting backbone maps). In this way, every computer on the Internet is connected to every other computer on the Internet.

20. Domain Name A domain name is the text name corresponding to the numeric IP address of a computer on the Internet. A domain name must be unique. Internet users access your website using your domain name. download The process of copying files, information and images from the Internet to your computer. Every time a visitor accesses a page on the Internet, they are downloading the contents of that page.

21. I wish you all the best for you're future Prepared by : Ruvan Abeysekara