A. happened while she was still young. B. occurred only in her skin cells.

1. A women had a mutation that caused skin cancer. She was treated and cured, but she is concerned that she might pass the mutation on to her future children. This is not possible if the mutations that lead to the cancer.. See other slide

2. A. happened while she was still young. B. occurred only in her skin cells. C. affected her germline cells. D. did not change her fertility.

3. CST Review and Practice Day Three: DNA Structure and Replication Gene Expression Transcription, Translation Mutations

4. DNA Structure and Replication Main Vocabulary: Nucleotide,Sequence Base-Pairing Complementary Template Strand Semi-Conservative

5. Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide! Adenine Phosphates Ribose (sugar) A-Nucleotide!

6. 3 parts to the nucleotide: Phosphate Nucleotide Sugar ribose Nitrogen base deoxyribose Thymine Adenine Guanine Cytosine

7. Nucleotides Nitrogen base sugar Phosphate A G T C

8. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides: Pyrimidines Purines Thymine Guanine Adenine Cytosine nucleotide Phosphate group Deoxyribose

9. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides: Nitrogen bases (information) nucleotide Backbone (stability)

10. Hydrogen Bonds T A C G Nobel - Compounds

11. Two Strands Hydrogen Bonds

12. DNA Replication - Interactive Animation of Replication Lewport Explain: Template, Complementary Semi-conservative

13. Copy the following DNA strand: A G G T C C T A T G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- A. What would be the order of nucleotides in the opposite strand (blanks)? B. How many nucleotides are in each strand? C. How many phosphates and sugars are on each side of this DNA? J

14. Gene Expression = Protein Synthesis Vocabulary: Gene, Codons, Anticodons, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

15. Making a protein is like reading a library book.  --------- --------- --------- --------- Cell Neighborhood Nucleus --------- --------- --------- --------- Library DNA Home-work --------- --------- --------- ---------

16. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: DNA RNA Proteins. Transcription (Nucleus) Translation (Cytoplasm)

17. The Transcript: RNA Compare Transcription to Replication.. Replication - Lewport Transcription Translation Lewport RNA Transcription - from promoter to terminator Gene Expression - Interactive RNA Transcription - from promoter to terminator

18. Compare DNA to RNA:

19. The Genetic Code mRNA codons Amino acids

20. Template Strand ATCTACGTAGTTACTCC TAGATGCATCAATGAGG DNA Non-Template Strand 1. Transcribe the template strand into mRNA. 2. Divide into 3-letter codons 3. Write the anti-codons. 4. List the resulting order of amino acids

21. So, what is a gene again??

22. A Gene: A part of a DNA between a START and a STOP. Stop Start Gene UUUU TAATA Protein

23. Gene: A part of the DNA with information for making one protein. Protein

24. Mutations Vocabulary: Silent mutations Frame-Shift mutations Substitution, insertion, deletion

25. Are all mutations Harmful? No! Mutations can be Of Advantage Harmful Silent (with no effect)

26. Practice Questions: >15 min< • Answer: • Handout of questions: • 1-18 • Group: 4, 8, 13, 14, 15

27. Mutation: A Random change in the DNA sequence, usually during DNA Replication. Notes In a single gene Chromosomal Point Mutations (Single Nucleotide)

28. Point Mutations - When one nucleotide is changed. • Substitution (replacement) • Deletion • (one nucleotide missing) • 3. Insertion • (one nucleotide added) Notes

29. Point Mutations - When one nucleotide is changed. • Substitution (replacement) • Deletion • (one nucleotide missing) • 3. Insertion • (one nucleotide added)

30. In Conclusion: Substitutions might: 1) Change one amino acid (which may or may not affect the protein’s function) 2) Cause an EARLY STOP, canceling the entire protein. 3) Have NO EFFECT! (3rd base)

31. Notes In Conclusion: Deletion and Insertionscause a SHIFT in the READING FRAME: All the amino acids further from the mutation are changed.