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THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE

THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE. Hunter-Gatherers to Agrarians. Agriculture from Mexico???. Maize (corn) Beans. Weeds or Healthy Treats?. Sumpweed Goosefoot Sunflower Little Barley Erect knotweed Maygrass. Was it better to be a nomad?. Taller Healthier No Disease Greater Age. HOW???.

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THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE

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  1. THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE Hunter-Gatherers to Agrarians

  2. Agriculture from Mexico??? • Maize (corn) • Beans

  3. Weeds or Healthy Treats? • Sumpweed • Goosefoot • Sunflower • Little Barley • Erect knotweed • Maygrass

  4. Was it better to be a nomad? • Taller • Healthier • No Disease • Greater Age

  5. HOW???

  6. Did Agriculture Spread?

  7. Or Develop Separately in Separate Places?

  8. “Undisputed” origins of Agriculture

  9. DOMESTICATION • Ancient peoples unintentionally provided the origin of modern plants • Natural Selection (the strong shall not survive) • Weak plants had difficulty surviving • Desires for taste and size

  10. DOMESTICATION • THE BEGINNINGS OF CLONING • Propagation of Cuttings • Grafting

  11. Weeds or New Healthy Treats? • Rye • Oats • Turnips • Beets • Leeks • Lettuce

  12. “Famine Foods” • Or “second-line”resources • Food not usually consumed on “normal” or prosperous periods

  13. “Low-level Food Production” A mixture of hunting and gathering and small-scale agriculture

  14. NECESSITIES • Agriculture means that people must remain in the same place to tend crops • This means higher birth rates with less recovery times • Larger population necessitates greater amounts of food

  15. MAIZE • Arrived from Mexico about 200 AD • Not part of the daily diet until 650 – 850 AD • Used for religious and ceremonial purposes • Mississippian culture

  16. ALABAMA?! • The oldest kernel of corn from the Eastern Woodlands was found near Lake Shelby in Southern Alabama

  17. OLD, or GOLD??? • Some maize kernels found have been dated to over 4,000 years ago. • In 1999, Archaeologists from UCBerkeley and the University of NM found a corn kernel in Arizona that dates to 3,690 years old • New radio-carbon dating methods

  18. SOURCES • Gremillion, Kristen J, “Seed Processing and the Origins of Food production in North America”, American Antiquity, v. 69, n. 2, 2004, pp. 215-233 • http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/lifeways/hg_ag/quiet_revolution.html • http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC12/Gilman3.htm • http://www.primalseeds.org/agricult/htm • http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/99legacy/2-17-1999.html

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