North and South

1. North and South • A World of Differences

2. Big Idea • How was life in the North different from life in the South? • What did these differences lead to?

5. Comparisons • Geography • Economy • Transportation • Society

7. Make Conclusions • Take 3 minutes and make any conclusions you can about the following info.

10. Geography • How would you describe the geography of the North and the South?

11. Geography of the North • Stretched from the rocky shores of Maine to the rolling plains of Iowa. • The North had four distinct seasons, some areas had longer winters and shorter summers. What would this be bad for? • Northeast had rocky soil which was bad for farming, but was covered in thick forests. • The New England coast had hundreds of inlets and bays making it perfect for harbors and seaports. • What connections can you make between the geography of the North and the economy of the North?

12. Geography of the South • The South extended from Maryland south to Florida and from the Atlantic Coast to Louisiana and Texas. • Southerns enjoyed mild winters and long, hot, humid summers. • Long growing seasons led to a perfect place for warm-weather crops. • One major feature of the South was its broad, flat rivers. These were good for __________. • What connections can you make between the geography of the South and the economy of the South?

13. Which crops were primarily grown in the South/North? Why?

14. Summarize • Take 30 seconds and summarize in your own words what we have talked about so far.

15. Economy • How would you describe the economies of the North and the South?

16. Economy of the North • What made industry so conducive to the North? • Poor soil for farming, good harbors, plenty of workers. • Immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Germany, were moving to Northeastern cities like New York, providing a large workforce. Immigrants were disliked by nativists and even lead to a new political party: “The Know-Nothing Party.” • What do we know about working conditions in factories? • Video Clip • Where were factories first located? • On/Near Rivers. How could factories move away from rivers? • Technology: Steam Engines (James Watt) now allowed factories to be almost anywhere. • Factory owners favored a strong national government that could promote improvements in manufacturing, trade and transportation.

17. Economy of the South • The South was agriculturally based. • Poll Question: Did most Southerner’s own slaves? • Why was there little industry in the South? • King Cotton. The South invested money in land and slaves, not industry. • One Alabama newspaper wrote, “We purchase all our luxuries and necessities from the North...the slaveholder dresses in Northern goods, rides in a Northern saddle, sports his Northern carriage, reads Northern books. In Northern vessels his products are carried to market.” • How could this become a problem? • Southerns worried that Northern interests might grow too powerful and threaten the South’s way of life. • Southern’s preferred a weak central government and advocated for more states’ rights. When did we see this during Jackson’s presidency?

18. What relationship do you see between where coal and iron ore are found and where industries are primarily located?

19. Summarize • Take 30 seconds and summarize in your own words what we have talked about so far.

20. Transportation in the North • Why would the North want to improve transportation? • To speed up delivery of goods to distant customers and receiving of goods from the Southern US. • John C. Calhoun said, “Let us bind the republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals.” • 1806 saw the construction of the National Road across the Appalachian Mountains connecting the new western states with the East. • River travel was still faster and cheaper than travel by land. What things slow down river travel? • Traveling upstream. To alleviate this problem Robert Fulton started experimenting with boats powered by steam engines (steam boats)

21. Transportation in the North • What did you do when rivers were not located where people needed them? • Canals: The Erie Canal was 363 miles long and connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie. It provided the first all-water link between farms on the Central Plains and East Coast cities. • Watch History.com video • To speed up travel across oceans, clipper ships were invented. Clipper ships had sleek hulls, tall sails, and could sail 300 miles a day. The voyage from New York to Great Britain took about 21 to 28 days. On a clipper ship you could usually make the trip in half the time. • What would become the fastest way to move goods and people? • Trains. By 1860 a network of railroad track united the Midwest and the East. Nearly 30,000 miles of track were laid in the US, with 20,000 of those miles in the North.

22. Notice that railroad lines in the North connect to one another more than those in the South. How might this difference have affected the growth of trade and industry in the two areas?

23. Transportation in the South • South primarily moved goods and people on rivers. This made travel easy and relatively cheap. • Cotton was the most important product shipped by water. It would be sent to ports in Savannah or Mobile. West of the Appalachian Mountains, cotton was sent down the Mississippi River to New Orleans (only Southern city that compared with Northern cities). • Southern towns and cities were mostly located along rivers. Due to this most Southerners opposed bills in Congress that would use federal funds for internal improvements. Why? • Thought such projects would benefit the North far more than the South.

24. Summarize • Take 30 seconds and summarize in your own words what we have talked about so far.

25. Differences sometimes lead to... • Problems • What might those problems be?

26. Nationalism • Loyalty and devotion to one’s nation, placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests. • Examples • War of 1812 • Relations with Britain • Florida • Monroe Doctrine

27. Sectionalism • Loyalty to the interests of your own region or section of the country, rather than the nation as a whole. • Examples • Louisiana Purchase • Missouri Statehood • Missouri Compromise • Farming vs. Industry • Slavery

28. Nationalism vs Sectionalism Assignment • Take a piece of paper and fold it hamburger style. • Label one side Nationalism and one side Sectionalism. • Create a visual image that represents Nationalism in the US and a visual image that represents Sectionalism in the US. • Must be in Color.

31. Factory Life • Row after row of looms line the huge wooden floor of a red-brick factory building. Long pulleys connect the looms to the ceiling and their power source. During a workday, hundreds of machines are running at one time. The racket is deafening. Clouds of cotton dust foul the air. The factory has huge glass windows, but they are kept closed so the air stays humid. That keeps the threads from breaking as machines turn them into cloth.