Mining Safety – Challenges and Business Opportunities

1. Presented by – Mr. S S Shrivastava (Head-Jindal Open Cast Coal Mines) Mining Safety – Challenges and Business Opportunities

2. Indian Mining Industry – Mineral Subgroups (%-age share category wise)

3. Indian Mineral Resources

4. Introduction Hazard – A situation with the potential to cause harm or danger. Unsafe Act – Unsafe act is any act that deviates from a generally recognized safe way or specified method of doing a job and which increases the probabilities for an accident. Unsafe Condition – Unsafe conditions are unsatisfactory physical condition existing in a workplace which render it unsafe. Risk – The likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard is realized. Contd.

5. Introduction Accident – Undesired and unplanned events which may cause personal injury, damage to property or equipment, or loss of output, or all three. Dangerous Occurrences / Reportable Incidents – events or situations that could harm employees at work in such a way that there is a legal requirement to report them. Near Miss – These are any form of accident which could result in injury or loss but does not.

6. Cause – Effect Pyramid

7. Effects of Accident Physical & Mental damage (trauma), with a possibility of fatalities. Loss of Machinery, Human and Economical Resources. Loss of market reputation. Reduced commitment and job satisfaction, resulting in higher turnover.

8. Safety Regulatory Featuresof Indian Mining Industries A Separate Act (Mines Act – 1952) & Rules (Mines Rules – 1955) & Regulations (CMR – 1957 & MMR 1961) govern the working of mines. Directorate General of Mines Safety has been formed for ensuring safe working in Mines. Entry is restricted in the mine areas without the DGMS approved PPEs. Statutory Certificates are issued by DGMS to the competent persons after suitable examination/s for working in supervisory & management positions in mines.

9. Mining Legislation Mines ACT, 1952 CMR, 1957 (- For Technical Matters related to Mines) Mines Rule, 1956 (- For Welfare & Amenities related to Mines) Circulars Recommendatory Mandatory By-Laws & Standing Orders to be framed & implemented by statutory persons holding higher management positions at unit level

10. Role of Technology in Enhancing Safety ROLL - OVER PROTECTOR Rear View Camera TDS AFDSS

11. Role of Technology in Enhancing Safety Remote Controlled LHD Remote Controlled Dozer Hydraulic Jumbo drill Unmanned Mining

12. Accident Statistics of Indian Coal MinesFalling Trend

13. Have we Reached the limit of safe working with these?OrWe are at the beginning of a new safety standard?

14. Hierarchy of Hazard Mitigation Methods (Eliminate human being from exposure) Elimination (Substitute jobs to reduce exposure) Substitution (Use of technology to reduce exposure) Engineering/Isolation Administration Control (Training, SOP etc.) Personal Protective Equipment

15. New Concepts of Safety – Beyond Minimum Regulatory Requirements ZERO HARM Behavior Based Safety OHSAS - 18001

16. Zero Harm • Definition: - Zero Harm means no one (employees, service providers, customers, community, and stakeholders) will suffer any harm (mental or physical). • In crux Zero Harm can be explained as: • Zero fatalities; • Zero permanently disabling injuries; • Zero injuries to members of the public; and • Zero long-term harm to health. • Moreover, at the heart of Zero Harm is a commitment to eliminate the risk of serious harm to employees, partners and the public.

17. Building a Sustainable Zero Harm Culture – 5 steps Contd.

18. Zero Harm Culture – 5 steps Reporting Culture : Reporting culture is the willingness of employees to report incidents including near misses and errors. The depth of a reporting culture is directly impacted by a just culture. Risk Aware Culture : Risk Controls are known and understood at all levels, with this understanding of risk underpinning how we approach our project delivery whilst encouraging an innovation to counter existing or developing risks. Contd.

19. Zero Harm Culture – 5 steps Learning Culture : The learning culture refers to the ability and readiness of the organization to analyze safety related data, draw conclusions and act upon the recommendations. Informed Culture : An informed culture refers to the level of awareness, and currency of awareness, by management and operators of the human, equipment, technological, process and environmental factors which could impact operational safety. Contd.

20. Zero Harm Culture – 5 steps Just Culture : A just culture is one in which reporting is actively encouraged with an emphasis on learning from these reports versus blaming those involved. Employees are aware of the difference between acceptable and non-acceptable behavior A clearly communicated set of non - negotiables and a consequence management framework are accepted.

21. SIX Basic questions to ask What am I accountable for? What are the key hazards and risk in my area of accountability? How do I go about maintaining a clear picture of the key risks in my area of accountability? What Critical Controls can be used to ‘manage’ these risks, by eliminating them and if not practicable to do so, by controlling them? How do I know these controls are actually in place? How do I know these controls are effective in managing the risks?

22. Commitments for Zero Harm Zero Harm means delivering on the following shared commitments: Eliminating hazards: All our businesses will identify and plan out hazards in all activities they undertake. Eliminating fatal risks: All our businesses will identify fatal risks and establish Zero Harm design, management and behavioural protocols to eliminate them. Maintaining Zero Harm day to day: All our businesses will establish and maintain management, monitoring, review, audit and assurance systems geared for Zero Harm. Contd.

23. Commitments for Zero Harm Keeping the public safe from harm: All our businesses will manage and maintain Zero Harm levels of separation, security, monitoring and stewardship to safeguard members of the public from exposure to our hazards. Keeping all our people healthy: All our businesses will conduct health checks and health risk assessments to ensure there is no long-term harm to health from working in our business. Working with our customers: All our businesses will enlist the support and co-operation of customers to achieve Zero Harm. Making safety personal: All our people will make safety a personal commitment.

24. “Zero Harm is about going home safely at the end of each day and making sure the person working next to you does the same. Zero Harm is a mutual promise and commitment: we’re family, and we are dedicated to looking out for one another. Embracing Zero Harm is the first step toward creating a safe workplace and a stellar safety and performance record.”

25. New Concepts of Safety – Beyond Minimum Regulatory Requirements ZERO HARM Behavior Based Safety OHSAS - 18001

26. Why Behavior Based Safety Safety is about people. Compliance is not sufficient. Consequences drive behavior. Motivating Performance Feedback Truly proactive Broad awareness Deep Involvement Proven effective Transcends workplace safety

27. Behavior Based Safety: What Is It? • An excellent tool for collecting data on the quality of a company’s safety management system • A scientific way to understand why people behave the way they do when it comes to safety • Properly applied, an effective next step towards creating a truly pro-active safety culture where loss prevention is a core value • Conceptually easy to understand but often hard to implement and sustain

28. Behavior Based Safety: What Is It Not! • Only about observation and feedback • Concerned only about the behaviors of line employees • A substitution for traditional risk management techniques • About cheating & manipulating people & aversive control • A focus on incident rates without a focus on behavior • A process that does not need employee involvement

29. Traditional Safety – Preventive Process Safety Training Slogans Regulations Reprimands Policies Fewer Accidents Contests & Awards Safety Meetings Committees & Councils

30. BBS – A cyclic process

31. Implementation of BBS 1. Focus intervention on observable behavior. 2. Look for external factors to understand and improve behavior. 3. Direct with activators and motivate with consequences. 4. Focus on positive consequences to motivate behavior. 5. Apply the scientific method to improve intervention. 6. Use theory to integrate information, not to limit possibilities. 7. Design interventions with consideration of internal feelings and attitudes.

32. Facts about Human Behavior : Human Behavior is a function of : • Activators(what needs to be done) • Competencies(how it needs to be done) • Consequences(what happens if it is done) Human Behavior is both : • Observable • Measurable Therefore, Behavior can be Managed

33. ABC Model Antecedents (Activators) (trigger behavior) Behavior (Competencies) (human performance) Consequences (reinforce desirable or punish undesirable behavior)

34. Four types of Consequences Positive Reinforcement (R+) ("Do this & you'll be rewarded") Negative Reinforcement (R-) ("Do this or else you'll be penalized") Punishment (P) ("If you do this, you'll be penalized") Extinction (E) ("Ignore it and it'll go away") Behavior

35. Three Basic questions for BBS Whatbehaviors are being observed? Why are those behaviors present? Now What will be done to correct the system deficiencies?

36. Behavior Based Safety – Flow chart

37. New Concepts of Safety – Beyond Minimum Regulatory Requirements ZERO HARM Behavior Based Safety OHSAS - 18001

38. Introduction OHSAS : “Part of the overall management system that facilities the management of the Occupational Health & Safety risks associated with the business of the organization This includes the organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing and achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organization’s Occupational Health & Safety policy”. Standard : “A document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context” British Standards Institute

39. Formation of OHSAS 18001 : 2007 • Originally developed in early 1990’s as BS 8800. • Revised in 2007 by BSI to be more compatible with ISO 14001. • Framework for an effective Occupational Health & Safety – • Management System. • 17 elements designed in parallel to ISO 14001. • Allows third-party certification / registration.

40. PDCA

41. PDCA – OHSAS Implementation * Plan : Formulate Policy, Assess risk (HI & RA), identify applicable regulations, Define Objectives. * Do : Identify responsibility and accountability, training, communicate, Documentation, controls and preparation for emergencies. * Check : Monitor, Record, Internal Audit (Check, Examination, Review, Assessment), Check for compliance status. * Act to improve : Corrective Actions (C.A.) & Preventive Actions (P.A.) formulation, Long and short term goal selection. Implement philosophy of small but continuous improvement ( KAIZEN) in each cycle.

42. OHSAS Procedure

43. Benefits of OHSAS • Improved OHS performance • Prevent health and safety hazard • Reduced liability • Fewer accidents • Reduced costs • Prevent ill health in the first place than to medication • Improved public image • Enhanced customer trust • Competitive advantage • Better access to capital

44. Simplified Model of OHSAS 18001

45. THANK YOU