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Solutions

Solutions. What is a solution?. A mixture that has the same composition throughout Also known as a homogenous mixture Made of solutes and solvent. Parts of a Solution. Solvent. Solute. The substance that is doing the dissolving. The substance being dissolved. Solid dissolving in a liquid

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. What is a solution? • A mixture that has the same composition throughout • Also known as a homogenous mixture • Made of solutes and solvent

  3. Parts of a Solution Solvent Solute • The substance that is doing the dissolving • The substance being dissolved

  4. Solid dissolving in a liquid • Solid – solute • Liquid – solvent • Liquid dissolving in a liquid • Liquid in a larger amount - solvent

  5. Water – Universal Solvent • Water has a positive end and a negative end. • The positive end is attracted to our negative end. • Water molecules pull apart the solute and then they mix evenly, forming a solution. • Just remember – • LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE!

  6. Dissolving Solutes • To speed up a solution: • Stirring • Brings more fresh solvent in direct contact with the solute • Smaller crystal size • Increases the surface area which allows more solvent to come in contact with the solute • Increasing temperature • The speed of the solvent increases and causes them to bump into the solute • Solute particles come loose and dissolve faster

  7. Solubility • The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature • Measured in grams per 100 g of water • Depends on the nature of the substances

  8. Concentration

  9. Concentration

  10. Types of Solutions

  11. Solubility Curves • Each line represents a particular substance. • Shows type of solution • Above the line – supersaturated • On the line – saturated • Below the line - unsaturated • Graph • Independent variable – Temperature in Celsius • Dependent variable – grams per 100 g of water

  12. Solubility Curves

  13. Effects of Solute Particles • Adding a solute to a solvent lowers the freezing point of the solvent. • Example – antifreeze • Increasing the boiling point depends on the number of solute particles in the solvent

  14. Questions

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