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Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen

Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen. Objectives. Describe the anatomy of the thoracic cavity. Describe the structures and functions of the organs and respiration. Explain the breathing and respiratory process. Discuss the significance of chest and abdominal injuries.

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Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen

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  1. Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen

  2. Objectives • Describe the anatomy of the thoracic cavity. • Describe the structures and functions of the organs and respiration. • Explain the breathing and respiratory process. • Discuss the significance of chest and abdominal injuries. • List and describe the various injuries associated with the thoracic cavity. • List and describe the various injuries associated with abdominal cavity.

  3. Thoracic Cavity • Diaphragm up, sternum to vertebrae • Left and right pleural cavity • Tissue and organs • Esophagus • Bronchi • Lungs • Trachea • Thymus gland • Heart—Pericaridal cavity

  4. Ribs and Sternum • Sternum • Manubrium, body, Xiphoid process • Ribs (12 pairs total) • 7 pairs of true ribs • Connected by cartilage to the sternum • 3 pairs of false ribs • Connected to the 7th rib by cartilage • 2 pairs of floating ribs

  5. Respiratory System • Structures responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide • Also responsible for the production of sound through the vocal cords

  6. Respiratory System • Nasal Cavity: intakes air, filtered by cilia • Pharynx: throat, common passageway for food and air • Epiglottis • Larynx: voice box • Trachea: windpipe • Bronchi: tubes that bring air to lungs • Alveolar Sacs: oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs

  7. Lungs • 2 lungs • Right lung is larger • Divided into superior, middle, and inferior lobes • Left lung is smaller • Divided into superior and inferior lobes

  8. Asthma • Muscles around the airways spasm and lining inside the airway swells • Make it difficult to move air in and out • Triggered by environmental factors or exercise • S/S: coughing, wheezing, dyspnea • Treat with bronchodilators such as albuterol

  9. Asthma

  10. Rib Contusion • Caused by forceful blow to ribcagethat bruises intercostal muscles • Pain with inhalation and exhalation • Must monitor athlete and check for signs of shock

  11. Flail Chest • Caused by 3 or more consecutive rib fx on the same side • Movements of breathing will be paradoxical • Fractured ribs could puncture organs • Refer to dr immediately

  12. Sudden Death Syndrome • Usually caused by some form of heart disease • Most common is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan’s syndrome, and congenital heart disease • Give CPR until EMS arrives

  13. Pneumothorax • Air enters thoracic cavity between chest wall and lung • Difference in pressure causes lung to collapse • Occurs when something penetrates the skin or lung tears from intense impact • Spontaneous and tension

  14. Tension Pneumothorax • Air enters but cannot exit. • Air accumulates with each breath • Lung will begin pressing on other lung and heart

  15. Sucking Chest Wound • Air moves through the space outside the lung • As air passes wound, it makes a sucking sound • Treatment: seal wound on three sides with occlusive dressing

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