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United States History Mr. Ehlke

United States History Mr. Ehlke . WWI. Chapter 19 Section 1. 4 Major causes of WWI Nationalism National Interests over global cooperation Restless Ethnic groups Imperialism Competition for colonies Adds to countries prestige Militarism Development of army & Naval forces

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United States History Mr. Ehlke

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  1. United States HistoryMr. Ehlke WWI

  2. Chapter 19 Section 1 • 4 Major causes of WWI • Nationalism • National Interests over global cooperation • Restless Ethnic groups • Imperialism • Competition for colonies • Adds to countries prestige • Militarism • Development of army & Naval forces • Alliance System (555) • Treaties of support • Triple Entente (allies) Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

  3. Section 1 Continued • Crisis in the Balkans • All countries have major interests here • Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated • (Heir to Austrian Throne) • Austria goes to war with Serbia • Alliances pull nations to war • Fighting begins • Germany follows Schifflen plan • Hold off Russia/sweep through France

  4. Trench Warfare • Two deep rat infested lines • No man’s land in the middle • Poison gas & Machine Guns • 1st day British lose 60,000 men • 1st month 1.2 million are dead • Clear winner never emerges • Civil War tactics WWII weapons • http://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/trenches.htm

  5. US & WWI • 3000 miles away/not directly affected • Sympathy for Central Powers • German citizens in the US • Irish see it as chance for independence • Sympathy for Allies • Common language & Institutions • Germans are the Aggressors (Belgium) • “Bully of Europe” • Economic ties

  6. British Blockade VS German U Boats • British prevent weapons & food from entering Germany • 700,000 Germans starve during war • Most are civilians • German U-boats (Submarines) • Unprovoked attacks on merchant ships

  7. America Joins the Fight • 2 major reasons • Ensure payment of debt • Prevent German’s from threatening shipping • Zimmerman Note • Lusitania • Merchant Ships (American Lives) • Russian Czar overthrown

  8. Mobilizing the Military • Only 200,000 in active service • No combat experience • Selective Service Act • By 1918 24 million possible draftees • 3 million selected by lotery • 2 million go over seas (3/4 see action) • Most ages 21-23 • Most uneducated (20% foreign born) • African Americans double the population proportion

  9. Training & Convoy System • Training • 9 months in US & Europe • 17 hours a day • Weapons in short supply • Brooms = Guns/Rocks = Grenades • Convoy System • Merchant vessels travel with war ships • Cuts losses in ½ (U-Boats) • US bring #s & new enthusiasm • Pershing remains in charge of American forces • Want voice at peace table

  10. New Weapons • Big Bertha (Cannon = 75 miles 1800lbs shell) • Zeppelin (Bomb cities/easy to shoot down) • Machine Guns (600 Rounds per minute) • Poison gas • 2 French divisions dead • Gas masks are a necessity • Tanks & Airplanes • First planes battle with pistols • Flame-thrower

  11. Medical Care • Trenches surrounded by filth • (Rats, lice, dead bodies) • Lack of sleep, fatigue, shell shock • Trench Foot (Feet begin to rot)

  12. German Collapse • Navy refuses to man ships • Mutiny spreads • Kaiser abdicates throne • War machine & economy are exhausted • No allied troops enter Germany • 11th day 11th hour 11th month (War Ends) 1918

  13. Final Toll of WWI • 4 years • 30 Nations • Bloodiest war in history (Pre WWII) • 26 million dead • ½ are civilians (Disease & Hunger) • 20 million wounded • 10 million refugees • $400 billion in economic cost

  14. The Numbers • Total Troops • Allies = 43,749,850 • Central Powers =24,249,421 • Total Casualties • Russia = 9,300,000 • Germany = 7,209,413 • France = 6,220,800 • Austria-Hungary = 4,650,200 • Great Britain = 3,428,535 • US = 325,236

  15. Ch 19 Section 3 • Selling the War • Promote patriotism & Manufacture Hate • Spend 33 Billion on War • Graduated Income Tax • Excise Tax • War Bonds

  16. Attacks on Civil Liberties • German Citizens lose jobs • Tar & Feathered, Floggings • Hamburger = “Liberty Sandwich” • Sauerkraut = “Liberty Cabbage” • German Measles =“Liberty Measles” • Espionage & Sedition Acts • Fines of 10,000 or 20 years in jail • Interfering with draft • Obstructing sale of bonds • Disloyal statement about government (violates 1st Amendment)

  17. Continued • 1,500 convictions • 20 year sentence for contributing a quarter to anti-war meeting • Reverend get 15 years for saying Christians should not fight • NY Times loses mailing privileges • Victor Berger refused Congressional seat (Wisconsin)

  18. Social Changes from War • Great Migration • 1000s of African Americans move north • Get away from discrimination/jobs (Ford) • Live in northern ghettos/pay high rent • Unskilled whites despise them • Flu Epidemic • ½ million die in US • 40 Million worldwide • Shuts down parts of economy

  19. Legacy of War • Germans believe they were never beaten • Economic conditions desperate in Germany • Burn $ for fuel/garbage bags of $ to grocery shop • Former German Corporal blames problems on Europe’s Jews

  20. Review Quiz 1 • What are the 4 major causes of WWI? • What was the spark that ignited WWI? • Name one thing that made Trench warfare so horrible. • Give one reason the US initially stayed out of WWI • Give one reason the US sympathized with the Central Powers (Germany/Austria-Hungary) • Give one reason the US sympathized with the Allies (Great Britain/France)

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