EuroBoundaries institutional context

1. EuroBoundariesinstitutional context Gerhard Muggenhuber BEV-Internat.Relations, Austria, geomugg@gmx.at www.bev.gv.at

2. Institutions focusing on international boundaries • The Anthropogeographic Society of Barcelona - Crossborder Studies Centre • Association for Borderlands Studies • Association of European Border Regions • Borderpol serving the international community of border security professionals. • Centre for Border Studies, University of Glamorgan, Wales • Centre for Cross-Border Studies, Armagh, Northern Ireland • Centre for International Borders Research, Queen's University, Belfast • Center for Regional and Transboundary Studies, Volgograd State University • Peipsi Centre for Transboundary Cooperation, Tartu, Estonia • Committee on Geodetic Aspects of the Law of the Sea (GALOS) • Council on Ocean Law • Danish Institute of Border Region Studies, Aabenraa • The European Borders Group based at the University of Surrey, UK • Exlinea: Reconfiguring the External Boundaries of Europe – • Policies, Practices, Perceptions • International Boundary Consultants • International Court of Justice • International Seabed Authority • International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea • Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS) • Nijmegen Centre for Border Research • UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea • UN FAO Fisheries Department

3. UN-bodies • UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf • UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea • UN FAO - Fisheries Department • UN Cartographic Section • UN - International and Administrative Boundaries •   - GUIDELINES    - INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES DATASET • UN Treaty Collection: • Article 102 of the UN-Charter, "Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the UN after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it". • Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties*

4. Institutions focusing on international boundaries Boundary and Sovereignty Links • International Court of Justice - The Hague, NL • Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea (Romania v. Ukraine) • Permanent Court of Arbitration - The Hague, NL • Boundary Commissions • International Seabed Authority  - Kingston, Jamaica • US Dep. of State: • Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty, Office of Global Issues, • Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).

5. Institutions focusing on international boundariesEurope: • International Boundaries Research Unit(IBRU, UK, University of Durham  • Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea(NILOS, NL)  • The Geopolitics and International Boundaries Research Centre (GRC) (University of London, UK) • Nijmegen Centre for Border Research (NCBR, NL) • Centre for International Borders Research (CIBR, Queen’s University, Belfast, NORTHERN IRELAND)

6. EuroBoundaries Institutional context The UK-based International Boundaries Research Unit works since 1989 to enhance the resources available for the peaceful resolution of problems associated with international boundaries on land and at sea, including their delimitation, demarcation and management. www-ibru.dur.ac.uk/resources/links.html In the dynamics of the globalisation geographical borders are more and more considered as challenges for further integration. At the same time however, borders still are considered to be barriers in many ways. Borders represent important values of identity of people and demarcate the sovereignty of governments. Because of this tension between borders as 'meeting-places' and borders as 'cut-off lines' borders have become maybe more important then ever before in the European society.

7. Boundary - related organizations in Europe Currently under Austrian Presidency dedicated to global border security and safety. H-1021 Budapest, Labanc Utca 57, Room 206. • THE EUROPEAN BORDERS GROUP • to investigate the impact of boundaries, in various senses

8. Boundary - related studies / conferences • MA International Boundary Studies • MA in International Boundary Studiesfor £7,300 / year at the Geopolitics & International Boundaries Research Centre (GRC): • Traditional European and non-European concepts of sovereignty and territorial control • The uneasy acceptance of a European construct: the sacro-sanctity of international boundaries in the developing world • International land boundaries and state territory in international law • Land boundary disputes in international law • Ocean boundary-making • Border management in an insecure world • University of Durham, 5-7 April 2006 • EuroGeographics ………..

9. Small scale : ERM & EGM SABE EuroBoundaries EuroRoadS RISE EULIS Implementation CRS GNSS EuroGeoNames

10. Boundary Treaty, Commission, Documents, Use International law / multi-, bi-lateral treaties Country A Country B Legal – Techn. framework Boundary Treaty definition of the boundary Boundary Commission boundary documents (description, co-ordinates, plan) technical (geodetic) groups Inst. Setting National responsibility national co-ordinates for the boundary National responsibility national co-ordinates for the boundary Geodetic National geodetic database, topographic maps, cadastre, other users Similar situation Boundary Commission, common decisions about details, e.g. co-ordinates, agreed ETRS89 co-ordinates Preparation for ETRS89 Preparation for ETRS89 Common use of the agreed data for maps, cadastre

11. Customers viewApplications and Interconnection • Census and Geodata provide most important source • Systems are cheap to be maintained • Data from Public registers are cheap and easy to acquire Access to geo-coded information is a necessity of an virtual infrastructure in our business world

12. Peter Hering's  Border Pictures F – A (Belgium): boundary marker before 1815 A – FL - CH A – SLO - I A – SK - H F - CH Border through Hotel H – RO - UA DK - SWE P – SK - UA D - Denmark A – SLO - H

13. Thank you ! Gerhard Muggenhuber BEV-Internat.Relations, Austria, geomugg@gmx.at www.bev.gv.at