The Age of Jackson

1. The Age of Jackson

2. The Election of 1824 • Four Democratic-Republican candidates • Race was closest between Jackson & Adams • Jackson wins popular vote • Adams wins electoral college votes, but not majority…president??

3. The Corrupt Bargain • Jackson is not happy and forms his own party…the Democrats! • Henry Clay was accused of arranging electoral college votes for Adams in return for a cabinet position • Clay was named Secretary of State under Adams • Andrew Jackson accused Adams and Clay of striking a “corrupt bargain” • Jackson will campaign for the next 4 years and use mudslinging to criticize Adams

4. “Jacksonian Democracy” • Jackson was a supporter of the Common Man • Supported the expansion of suffrage to all white males, not just land owning white males…this will gain him more votes in 1828 • Rewarded his faithful voters with government jobs (spoils system) • beats Adams in the Election of 1828 • Reduced size of federal government as president to ‘return power to the people’

5. Native American Removal “Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!” • Jackson is being pressured by his Southern supporters who want Indians out of the East • But John Marshall sides with natives in Worcester vs. Georgia, • Cherokee were able to stay on their land but Jackson ignored the court’s decision

6. Indian Removal Act, 1830 • Moved Indians into Indian Territory (Oklahoma) • Many natives leave • Most Cherokees stay behind after all they do for a court order saying they can stay

7. Trail of Tears • Jackson violated Worcester vs. Georgia by sending the army to force 16,000 Cherokee out of their homes and marched them to Oklahoma • 4,000 died

8. Tariff of Abominations, 1828 • Tariffs are liked by the North, disliked by the South • Adams Tariff of Abominations was set up to protect American industry • Helped end Adams chances of re-election • Made Jackson look good • Nullification Crisis: Calhoun (VP) put forth the idea of nullification (ignore federal law) • South Carolina threatens to secede and nullified the tariff • Calhoun resigns

9. Jackson Vetoes the 2nd US Bank • Jackson believed the bank was unconstitutional from the start and only benefited the wealthy • Jackson vetoes banks 20 year re-charter

10. The Whig Party • Formed by Henry Clay and followers who opposed Jackson • Favored the US Bank, upset with Jackson’s veto • Wanted a larger federal government to manage economy • Favored the American System • Renewed two party politics • Defeated in Election of 1832

11. Martin Van Buren • Won election after Jackson retired • Panic of 1837 hit as he entered office • Van Buren did little to ease the Panic as he believed in limited federal government • Helped revive the Whig Party

12. The Election of 1840 • Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison (war hero from Tippecanoe) and John Tyler • “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” • Harrison won • Died a month later (curse?) • Tyler becomes President but he is not a true Whig

13. King Andy? What is the cartoonist trying to portray with Jackson standing on the Constitution, Internal Improvements and the U.S. Bank?

14. Let’s Review! • Why did the House of Representatives have to choose the president in the Election of 1824? • One of the candidates dropped out of the race • The two major candidates asked for them to choose • There was no majority in the Electoral College • There was a tie in the popular vote • How did democracy expand in the first half of the 19th century? • What did Jackson mean by restoring government to the people? • Sending in the military to enforce tariff laws • Reducing the size and strength of the federal government • Removing Native Americans from the east coast • Granting women the right to vote

15. Let’s Review! • Why did Calhoun and other Southerners oppose the Tariff of 1828? • It would reduce income and raise prices for Southerners. • It would reduce income and raise prices for Northerners. • Tariffs were explicitly forbidden by the Constitution. • It protected American industry. • Why was the Indian Removal Act passed? • Native Americans declared war on America. • Southerners wanted to take Native American land to expand agriculture. • Northerners needed Native American land for expansion of the railroad. • Jackson wanted to give land to his supporters. • What resulted from Jackson’s veto of the 2nd Bank of the US? • Jackson died a month later because he was cursed. • The wealthy became poor. • A new political party formed to oppose Jackson. • Jackson was assassinated.