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This research paper explores a method for removing rain and snow from outdoor videos using spatio-temporal frequency analysis. The approach involves modeling precipitation patterns and refining estimates to enhance video quality.
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Spatio-Temporal Frequency Analysis for Removing Rain and Snow from Videos Peter Barnum Takeo Kanade Srinivasa Narasimhan Carnegie Mellon University June 16, 2007
Bad weather in outdoor videos Rain Snow
Previous Work Image-based blurring Camera-based blurring Spikes due to rain Pixel Intensity Garg and Nayar ICCV ‘05 Streak detection Time Hase et al. ICIP ’98 Starik and Werman IWTAS ‘03 Zhang et al. ICME ‘06 Garg and Nayar CVPR ‘04
Length Imaging a falling particle Gaussians Snowflakes Raindrops Breadth
Gaussian model of streak appearance Camera parameters are constant A Gaussian A blurred Gaussian streak Including streak orientation (just a coordinate space rotation)
Building a complete model For a given precipitation intensity For all common drop sizes Blurred Gaussian For all depths that are in-focus
Model accuracy Original image 2D Fourier Transform Model Model with 50% randomly set to zero
Large frame-to-frame difference Distributed evenly in frequency space Finding the precipitation rate Rain and snow have two useful properties Mailbox Building 100% 0% Snow
Frame-to-frame differences t=1 t=3 t=2 w=-1 w=+1 w=0
Frame-to-frame differences t=1 t=3 t=2 w=-1 w=+1 w=0
Finding the precipitation rate For most objects But for rain and snow Because of these properties
Estimating the model parameters Precipitation rate Streak orientation The precipitation rate is approximately: Estimating the streak orientation requires a spatial consistent estimate The orientation is found by:
Frequency space examples Original image 2D FT Model
= Computing per-frequency estimates At a given frequency:
t=1 t=2 t=3 Refining the single frame estimate Exactly the same model, constant in w
Conclusions and future work A global frequency method for rain and snow removal Refining global estimates with local features “Into each life some rain must fall.” -Henry Wadsworth Longfellow