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The Cell and it’s Parts

The Cell and it’s Parts. Boy! What a little cell can do!. The Cell Theory. All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells. Prokaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm

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The Cell and it’s Parts

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  1. The Cell and it’s Parts Boy! What a little cell can do!

  2. The Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • New cells are produced from existing cells

  3. Prokaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is free floating in cytoplasm NO NUCLEUS Bacteria! Eukaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is contained IN NUCLEUS Have organelles Specialized structures with specific functions Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

  4. Cell Membrane: The Video Clip

  5. Structural components of cells • Cell Wall • Function: • Provides support • Found in: • Plants and Fungi, Prokaryotes • Surrounds cell membrane • Cell Membrane: • Functions: • Controls movement in and out of cell • Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) • Found in: • All cells • Cytoplasm: • Function: • Site of chemical reactions • Contained by cell membrane • Found in: • All cells

  6. Nucleus

  7. Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Nucleus • Function: • Contains DNA (chromatin) • “Control center” of cell • Surrounded by Nuclear membrane • Nucleolus: • Center of nucleus • Site of ribosome synthesis • Found in: • All eukaryotic cells

  8. Ribosomes: The Video Clip

  9. Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Ribosomes • Function: • Site of protein synthesis • “Little dots” • Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Function: • Assembly of cell parts and transport • “Smooth” has no ribosomes • “Rough” has ribosomes on surface • Found in: • All eukaryotic cells

  10. Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Golgi Apparatus • Function: • Proteins are packaged and shipped here • Found in: • All eukaryotic cells

  11. Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Mitochondria • Function: • Site of cellular respiration • Releasing energy from food • “Powerhouse” of cell • Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Vacuole • Function: • Empty space used for storage • Much LARGER in plant cells…WHY? • Need to store water and starch • Found in: • All eukaryotic cells

  12. Ode to a Plant Cell: Cell Wall and Vacuole

  13. Organelles specific to nutrition • Lysosomes • Function: • Contain enzymes that break down things • Found in: • Heterotrophic cells • Chloroplast • Function: • Site of photosynthesis • Uses sun’s energy and water to make food! • Found in: • Plant cells, and some Protists

  14. Chloroplast

  15. Animal Cell

  16. Plant Cell

  17. Let’s compare Animal and Plant cells Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Lysosomes Small Vacuoles Centrioles Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole

  18. Unicellular Nucleus Cell Membrane Lysosome Multicellular Nervous system Skin; Respiratory;Excretory Digestive system Let’s compare unicellular to multicellular organisms!

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