What were the problems with law enforcement in the 18 th century?

1. What were the problems with law enforcement in the 18th century?

2. Agree Learning Outcomes Be able to know the key features of 17th and 18th century law enforcement. (All) Be able to identify aspects continuity and change of law enforcement between the Middle Ages and the 18th century (Most) (Using Jonathon Wild as an example) Be able to evaluate whether a police force was needed to tackle crime in the 18th century (Some)

3. Presenting New Information The cards all describe elements of policing in the 18th century. Using the cards on your table, as a group you should decide which aspects were a continuation of policing from the Middle Ages or which aspects were changesfrom that period. You may need to use your notes of the Anglo-Saxon and Norman period to help you with this. Once you have discussed this with your table, you should colour your information sheet – highlighting continuity or change.

4. Construct New Meaning Using the information, what impression can you form about policing in the 18th century? (What reasons do you have to support this view?

5. Presenting New Information Watch the trial of Jonathon Wild. As you are watching, you should answer the following questions: What was Jonathan Wild’s role in police enforcement? What were the crimes alleged against Jonathon Wild? What methods did Jonathan Wild use to earn money? What crime was Jonathon Wild found guilty of? http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p016d80df

6. Construct New Meaning Using the comic strip, you should now gather extra information about Wild that will help you answer the questions. You should include the extra information on your sheet. You should also attempt the extension questions. (Explaining your answers in detail.) SHP Textbook Page 101

7. Construct New Meaning What was Jonathan Wild’s role in police enforcement? What were the crimes alleged against Jonathon Wild? What methods did Jonathan Wild use to earn money? What crime was Jonathon Wild found guilty of? Extension: Why was Wild called the Thief-taker General if he was a criminal? Extension: Does the career of Wild show that a police force was or was not needed? Explain your answer. (Write out in detail in your book)

8. Review Create a ‘wanted’ message for Jonathan Wild. Your message is to be placed in the newspaper explaining who Jonathan Wild is and any information you think is relevant. The newspaper is charging you per word and you are offering a £40 reward, therefore you can only afford 20 words!

9. Apply to Demonstrate What can we learn from source A about how Jonathan Wild’s execution was regarded at the time? (4 marks) 1-2 marks = The answer gives details about the source, but, does not explain people’s attitudes towards his execution 3-4 marks = You use inference, supporting your answer with evidence from the source. Source A: An eighteenth century drawing of Jonathon Wild being pelted by stones on his way to Tyburn, to he hanged.

10. By the 18th century, how much had policing changed since the Middle Ages? Use the two colours to identify both change and continuity between the two periods. Key: Change Continuity Constables were the main defence against crime. Two men were chosen from among the wealthier citizens of towns and villages to be constables for a year at a time. They mostly dealt with everyday matters, such as begging without a licence or breaking the Sunday laws, and they inflicted some punishments such as whipping vagabonds. They also took charge of suspects and made sure they were held in prison until their trial. If the Hue and Cry was raised, citizens had to search for and try to catch the criminal. The constable was expected to lead the hue and cry. The local posse commitatuscould also be called out to search for criminals. Watchmen were employed in larger towns to patrol the streets both in the day and at night. They were poorly paid and often of little use. They were expected to arrest drunks and vagabonds and were allowed to peer into windows to check no one was breaking the law. In towns SERGEANTS were employed to enforce market regulations by weighing goods and collecting fines. Rewards were offered for the arrest of particular criminals. For highwaymen, £40 was offered – a sum equivalent to a year’s income for a middle-class family.

11. By the 18th century, how much had policing changed since the Middle Ages? Use the two colours to identify both change and continuity between the two periods. Key: Change Continuity Thief-takers made their living from tracking down criminals and collecting rewards. They were often former criminals themselves and set up innocent victims, tricking them into crime for their rewards. Citizens were expected to deal with crimes themselves. If someone was robbed, it was his responsibility to get an arrest warrant from a magistrate, track down the criminal and deliver the criminal to the constable. The army was used to put down protests or other riots or to capture gangs, particularly of violent smugglers. The use of the army in dealing with protests was very unpopular because it seemed that the government was simply overpowering the people and ignoring their concerns.

12. Hue and Cry If the Hue and Cry was raised, citizens had to search for and try to catch the criminal. The constable was expected to lead the hue and cry. The local posse commitatuscould also be called out to search for criminals. Constables Constables were the main defence against crime. Two men were chosen from among the wealthier citizens of towns and villages to be constables for a year at a time. They mostly dealt with everyday matters, such as begging without a licence or breaking the Sunday laws, and they inflicted some punishments such as whipping vagabonds. They also took charge of suspects and made sure they were held in prison until their trial.

13. Watchmen and sergeants Watchmen were employed in larger towns to patrol the streets both in the day and at night. They were poorly paid and often of little use. They were expected to arrest drunks and vagabonds and were allowed to peer into windows to check no one was breaking the law. In towns SERGEANTS were employed to enforce market regulations by weighing goods and collecting fines. Citizens Citizens were expected to deal with crimes themselves. If someone was robbed, it was his responsibility to get an arrest warrant from a magistrate, track down the criminal and deliver the criminal to the constable.

14. Rewards Rewards were offered for the arrest of particular criminals. For highwaymen, £40 was offered – a sum equivalent to a year’s income for a middle-class family. Thief-takers Thief-takers made their living from tracking down criminals and collecting rewards. They were often former criminals themselves and set up innocent victims, tricking them into crime for their rewards.

15. The Army The army was used to put down protests or other riots or to capture gangs, particularly of violent smugglers. The use of the army in dealing with protests was very unpopular because it seemed that the government was simply overpowering the people and ignoring their concerns.