Health and the People Source Booklet

1. Health and the People Source Booklet Step 1: What does it show, say, tell us? STEP 1-3: Focus on the CONTENT of the source. Q: USEFUL FOR WHAT? • Step 2: Make inferences. • What does it suggest? • What is the message? • What is the attitude? 2 paragraphs 2 pieces of contextual knowledge per paragraph Analyse each of these sources for how USEFUL they are to an Historian studying the period. • Step 3: Provenance. • Where does it come from? • What type of source is it? • How does this affect the usefulness? Key Words Tone Message Satirical Context Attitude Cartoon Image c. = circa = around Useful sentences This source IS useful because it shows… This suggests that… This is supported by… This makes it useful because… This source is LESS useful because… This is supported by… This makes it less useful because

2. What exam questions does this relate to? Q: How useful is this source to a historian studying... (8 marks) CONTENT: what point is it making, what can you infer, does this make it useful. PROVENANCE: who made it? When? Why? Look at the description! DON’T just say it is bias, you need to explain how this affects its utility! CONTEXT: does it fit with your own understanding of the topic? You must add OWN KNOWLEDGE but ensure it is directly RELEVANT to the question and source. MAKE SURE YOU FOCUS ON THE Q ASKED!

3. 13th century illumination created as part of a Manuel by monks. How useful is this source to an historian studying medieval medicine? Hôtel-Dieu de Paris circa 1500. The comparatively well patients (on the right) were separated from the very ill. How useful is this source to an historian studying medieval hospitals? Konstanz chronicle sketch from 15th century. How useful is this source to an historian studying treatments of the Black Death?

4. 14th century image. Dissection of a Cadaver (dead body) How useful is this source to an historian studying knowledge of anatomy in the Middle Ages? A fourteenth-century English illustration of a surgeon operating; from a book in a monastic library. How useful is this source to an historian studying Medieval surgery? 14th century illumination. Islamic eye specialist, from a compilation of pictures from Ibn Al Nafis. How useful is this source to an historian studying Islamic Medicine? Late Medieval urine wheel from 1516. How useful is this source to an historian studying the training of Medieval Doctors?

5. Source A • Franciscan monks treating victims of the plague C.1474. • How useful is Source A to a historian studying the Black Death? • A picture from Thomas Geminus’s book Compendiosa, first published in England in 1545; three editions had been published by 1549. • How useful is Source A to a historian studying the impact of the Renaissance on Britain?

6. Illustration from De HumaniCorporisFabrica 1543. How useful is this source to an historian studying improvements in Medicine in the Renaissance? Detail from a woodcut of 1665 showing plague victims wheelbarrowed out of houses.  How useful is this source to an historian studying treatments for the Great Plague? Cartoon ‘Death and the Apothocary’ 1700s. How useful is this source to an historian studying treatments in the Early Modern period?

7. The Title page of Andreas Vesalius’ De HumaniCorporisFabrica 1543 How useful is this source to an historian studying improvements in medicine in the Early Modern Renaissance

8. Source B An illustration from 1656 showing an Italian plague doctor. The beak for the marks is filled with herbs. The stick is for beating away sick people. How useful is this source to an historian studying treatments for the Great Plague? 16th century woodcut How useful is this source to an historian studying Early Modern Renaissance surgery? 16th century woodcut How useful is this source to an historian studying advances in Early Modern Renaissance surgery?

9. “The reward of cruelty” 1750 How useful is this source to an historian studying advances in Early Modern surgery? A Cartoon published c.1800 discussing the impact of Vaccination. How useful is this source to an Historian studying opposition to vaccination? How useful is this source to an historian studying vaccination?

10. Snow’s map of Cholera in St James’ Parish 1854 How useful is this source to an Historian studying knowledge of the causes of disease in the 1800s? Cartoon called ‘Koch as the new St George’ from an English newspaper in the 1880s. It shows Koch conquering the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis. How useful is this source to an Historian studying the impact of Germ Theory? WW2 USA propaganda advertising Penicillin. How useful is this source to an Historian studying Penicillin?

11. St Thomas’ operating room 1775 How useful is this source to an historian studying Early Modern surgery? Cartoon entitled Operation Madness 1870 How useful is this source to an historian studying Modern surgery? Textbook image of surgery in the late 1800s How useful is this source to an historian studying Modern surgery?

12. ‘Florence Nightingale in the Military Hospital in Scutari’ 1855 How useful is this source to an historian studying the role of women in medicine? ‘Florence Nightingale in the Military Hospital in Scutari’ 1855 How useful is this source to an historian studying the changes in nursing?

13. Cartoon ‘Health’ Punch 1828 How useful is this source to an historian studying Public Health in the 1800s? Cartoon ‘The Court of King Cholera’ Punch 1848 How useful is this source to an historian studying Public Health in the 1800s? Cartoon ‘Father Thames introducing his offspring’ Punch 1858 How useful is this source to an historian studying Public Health in the 1800s?

14. Source A: A cartoon titled ‘Let the safety of the people be the supreme law’ published in 1832. It shows John Vaughan, the owner of the Southwark Water Works, whose factory supplied water from the Thames to South London. He was often mocked as ‘The King of the Scented Streams’. How useful is Source A to an historian studying public health in the 19th century? Cartoon ‘The Silent Highwayman: You money or your life’ Punch 1858 How useful is this source to an historian studying progress in Public Health in the 1800s?

15. A cartoon commenting on the reaction of London councillors to the 1848 Public Health Act, the cartoon was published in the humorous magazine, Punch. How useful is Source A to an historian studying the development of public health in the nineteenth century? Cartoon ‘The Philanthropic Highwayman’ Punch 1858 How useful is this source to an historian studying progress in Public Health? Cartoon ‘The Philanthropic Highwayman’ Punch 1858 How useful is this source to an historian studying progress in Public Health?

16. An advertisement for soap, published in a women’s magazine in 1910. Professor Frederick Carce-Calver was a chemist who studied in Paris before returning to Manchester where he set up a company in 1859. He discovered the way to make large quantities of carbolic acid; his company sent supplies to Joseph Lister. How useful is this source to an historian studying the understanding of disease? A poster from 1943, produced by the Ministry of information; it shows the official Army Blood Transfusion appointment card and has space at the bottom for local centres to provide information on dates and times when people can attend and give blood. How useful is this source to a historian studying the relationship between war and medicine?

17. Scottish cartoon 1948 How useful is this source to an historian studying progress in Public Health? Cartoon ‘It still Tastes Awful’ Punch 1948 How useful is this source to an historian studying the formation of the NHS? Cartoon ‘From Cradle to Grave’ 1948 How useful is this source to an historian studying opposition to the NHS?