Health Booklet E – Healthy Living

1. Theories of health belief • Health Belief Model Becker • 2. Locus of Control Rotter • 3. Self efficacy Bandura & Adams • Features of adherence to • medical regimes • Reasons for non adherence Bulpit • 2. Measuring non adherence Lustman • 3. Improving adherence – Watt • Methods of health Promotion • Media Campaigns Cowpe • Fear arousal Janis & Feshbeck • 3. Legislation Dannenberg Health Booklet E – Healthy Living

2. Theories of health belief • Health Belief Model Becker • Locus of Control Rotter • Self efficacy Bandura & Adams

3. Key Terms Bingo

4. Health Belief Model - Becker Sociodemographic variables Benefits vs. costs Healthy Behaviour Perceived seriousness Perceived threat Cues to Action Perceived susceptibility

5. Becker Study Method • Aim – use HBM to explain mothers adherence to drug regime for asthmatic children • Pts – 111 mothers (17-54 yrs) responsible for giving asthma medication to children (9 months – 17 yrs) • Method – correlation between beliefs reported during interviews and compliance with self reported administration of medicine (confirmed with blood tests for some pts)

6. Becker Study Results • + correlation belief about susceptibility to asthma attack and adherence to medicine • + correlation perception of seriousness of asthma and adherence to medicine • - correlation between costs of adherence and adherence • increased compliance – married mothers and higher level of education • Conclusion – HBM is a useful model to predict compliance with taking medication

7. Locus of Control - Rotter • Locus Latin for place • Where a person thinks the control of his or her health lies influences whether they adopt a health behaviour • Internal Lof C – they control their own health • External L of C – health is seen as being in someone else’s hands

8. Rotter Study • Method review article • Sample 6 pieces of research into individual perceptions of ability to control outcome • Findings – Pts who felt they had control over the situation were more likely to show behaviours that would enable them to cope with potential threats

9. Rotter - Conclusions • L of C can be useful in predicting whether people will adopt health behaviours • Those with internal L of C are more likely to adopt health behaviours • Backed up by James et al male smokers who gave up and did not relapse had higher L of C • (not true for women where factors such as weight gain were influential)

10. Self Efficacy – Bandura & Adams • Self efficacy – how successful a person thinks they will be in adopting a health behaviour Outcome expectancy / efficacy expectation Vicarious experiences Verbal persuasion Emotional arousal

11. Bandura study • Aim – to assess the self efficacy of patients undergoing systematic desensitisation for snake phobia • Method – RMD • Pre test assessment – avoidance bhr, fear (1-10) and efficacy expectations • Systematic desensitisation • Post test assessment

12. Bandura results • Higher levels of post test self efficacy were correlated with higher levels of interacting with snakes • SD enhanced self efficacy which in turn led to a belief that the person was able to cope with the snake