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Environmental assessment of the thermal insulation of period timber-frame walls

Environmental assessment of the thermal insulation of period timber-frame walls. Hans Valkhoff . Timber-frame heritage. How to renovate historic timber-frame buildings in SW France up to thermal insulation standards ? while preserving the environment,

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Environmental assessment of the thermal insulation of period timber-frame walls

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  1. Environmental assessment of the thermal insulation of period timber-frame walls Hans Valkhoff

  2. Timber-frame heritage How to renovate historic timber-frame buildings in SW France up to thermal insulation standards ? • while preserving the environment, • preserving the building’s vernacular qualities, • reducing embodied energy and embodied carbon of the rehab project Mirepoix (09) main square

  3. French context • French government programme : 40% cut in GHG emissions of housing sector by 2020 • 20 million dwellings to be renovated and thermally insulated • French thermal regulations are not yet applied to historic and old buildings (built before 1948) • Dry lining can do much damage to vernacular buildings

  4. Impact assessment : 20 wall types • 1.‘Conventional’ interior insulation techniques : glass wool and plaster board • 2. ‘Ecological’ interior insulation techniques : wood wool, cork and cellulose • 3. Interior insulation with plant fibre and binder : hempcrete, earth&straw, woodchip&lime • 4. Exterior insulation : polystyrene, wood fibre board, wood wool and cladding

  5. Assesment tool COCON Scores for 6 parameters : • Embodied energy (kWh) • Embodied carbon (kg CO2 eq) • Resource depletion (kg Sbeq) • Thermal resistance (m2K/W) • Decrement delay (h) • Thermal inertia (kJ/m2K)

  6. Overall scores per wall type Conventional Ecological Plant fibre Ext. insulation

  7. Results • Best overall scores for walls with exterior insulation made of wood fibre board • Worst overall scores for ‘conventional’ walls (dry lining) • Bad overall score for ‘ecological’ monomur • Plant fibre ‘infill’ is a good alternative if exterior insulation is not possible • Hempcrete wall gets low overall score

  8. wood chip mono mur mono mur earth & straw woodchip

  9. Conclusions • Not one optimum solution • Earth&strawis very compatible with daub walls and local economy, but labour intensive • Lack of data for ecological building materials • Need to take hygrothermal properties into account • Consensus that hygroscopic and breathable insulation materials are better for buildings

  10. HYGROBA research project : • Insulation solutions for old buildings that • don’t disturb their hygrothermalequilibrium • 5 wall types from existing buildings • Hygroscopic versus non-hygroscopic • ‘Breathable’ versus ‘non-breathable’ • Hygrothermal simulations WUFI 2D

  11. Thanks for your attention • The paper is based on the research for an MSc in Architecture at the University of East London and the Centre for Alternative Technology (UEL/CAT, 2010) • Hans Valkhoff, freelance researcher at LRA-ENSA Laboratoire de Recherche en Architecture (Toulouse, France) • Link to PDF thesis: http://www.areso.asso.fr/IMG/pdf/ThesisHansValkhoff-r-moyen.pdf

  12. Table overall results

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