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ROCKS

ROCKS. Rocks. What are they? Any solid mass of mineral or mineral like matter that occurs naturally Why do we study them Rocks give us insight into the environment which they formed What are the main types Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic. What are Minerals. Minerals meet 5 criteria

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ROCKS

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  1. ROCKS

  2. Rocks • What are they? • Any solid mass of mineral or mineral like matter that occurs naturally • Why do we study them • Rocks give us insight into the environment which they formed • What are the main types • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic

  3. What are Minerals • Minerals meet 5 criteria • Naturally occurring • Inorganic • Crystalline structure • Chemical composition • Solid • Mineral test • Streak, hardness, luster, color, crystal form, fracture, cleavage, & density

  4. Rock Cycle • Continuous changing of one rock type into another • The rocks are classified by their origin • All three types can be made from the other either directly or indirectly • All the power comes from the sun or the core

  5. Rocks: Igneous • Form when magma/lava cools and hardens • Two types • Intrusive (magma) • Forms inside the earth • Exp. granite • Extrusive (lava) • Forms outside the earth • Exp. rhyolite

  6. Rocks: Igneous • Igneous rocks are classified by texture and composition • A rock can cool quickly, slowly, and at different rates • Crystal growth is related to cooling rates • Slow cooling →formation of large crystals (coarse-grained texture) • Rapid cooling →formation of small, interconnected grains (fine-grained texture) • Immediate cooling → no crystals (glassy)

  7. Rocks: Metamorphic • Form due to immense amounts of pressure and heat → Change form • Agents of Metamorphism • Heat, Pressure, Hydrothermal Solutions • Two types of metamorphic rocks • Contact Metamorphism • Magma intrudes into rock body • Regional Metamorphism • Large amount of heat and pressure due to mountain building events

  8. Rocks: Metamorphic • Classification by texture and compositions • Two types • Foliated • Due to contact metamorphism • Grains align in preferred direction • Give banded appearance • Exp: gneiss • Non-Foliated • Contain only one mineral • Non-banded • Exp: marble

  9. Rocks: Sedimentary • Form from broken pieces of rocks • Sedimentary processes: Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition (W.E.D.) • Weathering- processes that break rocks into sediments (sed.) • Erosion- transfer/moving of material • Deposition-dropping of sediment

  10. Rocks: Sedimentary • Sediments are lithified (become rocks) by compaction and cementation • Compaction • Squeezed or compact sediments due to pressure • Cementation • Dissolve minerals fill pore space among sediment

  11. Rocks: Sedimentary • Classification into two groups based on formation • Clastic Sedimentary Rocks • Made up of weathered bits of rocks and minerals • Chemical & Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks • Minerals precipitate from water solutions • Mostly occur when water evaporates

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