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PREPARE FOR THE UNEXPECTED: THE TWIST AND TURNS ON THE ROAD OF DATA COLLECTION

PREPARE FOR THE UNEXPECTED: THE TWIST AND TURNS ON THE ROAD OF DATA COLLECTION. Shwu-Wen Lin CLIO 3 March 2009. Overview. Research context Problems encountered and compromises made: - Difficulty in securing access - The unwillingness for classroom observation

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PREPARE FOR THE UNEXPECTED: THE TWIST AND TURNS ON THE ROAD OF DATA COLLECTION

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  1. PREPARE FOR THE UNEXPECTED: THE TWIST AND TURNS ON THE ROAD OF DATA COLLECTION Shwu-Wen Lin CLIO 3 March 2009

  2. Overview • Research context • Problems encountered and compromises made: - Difficulty in securing access - The unwillingness for classroom observation - The restriction of timetable - The unavoidable loss of participants • The proposed & the achieved • Suggestions for fieldwork

  3. Research context (I) • Research project: - Washback/Impact study graduate requirement of English proficiency General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) - Case study: University A (no graduation requirement) University B (with graduation requirement) - teachers & students (non-English majors)

  4. Research context (II) • Research Methodology: - Questionnaire - Interview: teachers & students - Classroom Observation:

  5. Problem (I): Access • University A: Access secured • University B: - Approval from teachers - Proposal - Formal letter - Human subject protection (GSoE ethics procedure instead)

  6. Proposed Design (I) • Classroom Observation: (based on the idealistic assumption of washback)_ (Watanabe, 2004,p.28)

  7. Proposed Design:

  8. Problem (II): Unwillingness for classroom observation • University A: - number of teachers : 5  3  4 - number of classes observed: 7 - observation duration: 3 weeks, 2 weeks - all general English classes

  9. Problem (III):Restriction of timetable & Unavoidable loss of participant • University B: - number of teachers: 6  3 - number of classes observed: 3 - observation duration: 3 weeks, 2 weeks, 1 week - 1 test-related class, the rest general English classes

  10. Achieved:

  11. Suggestions: • For access: - Impression management - Obtaining ‘bottom-up’ access - Being non-judgmental - Offering feedback - Establishing a contract (Silverman, 2005, p.255-256) - Making ethical guidelines explicit • For others: - ‘It is important to be realistic rather than optimistic in your plans, because resources have a tendency to go less far than you anticipate.’ (Mason, 2002, p.44)

  12. Prepare yourself for the unexpected!

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