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Abnormal Psychology

This article provides an overview of abnormal psychology and clinical perspectives on psychological disorders, including their classification and treatment. It discusses the DSM-IV, assumptions of the DSM-IV, different types of disorders, the diagnostic process, cultural formulation, treatment planning, and evidence-based practice.

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Abnormal Psychology

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  1. Abnormal Psychology Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

  2. Classification & Treatment Plans

  3. Background info. • The Client- the person seeking psychological services • Prevalence of psychological disorders: 1 in 5 people during 2007 • The Clinician- mental health professional • Can be a Clinical Psychologist or Psychiatrist • Clinical Psychologist- do not have a medical license to administer medical treatment or medications • Psychiatrists- can administer medical treatment and medications

  4. The DSM-IV • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders • Published by the American Psychiatric Association • Contains descriptions of all psychological disorders, alternatively referred to as mental disorders • Concerns in Developing the DSM-IV • Reliability • Validity • Base Rates • Social Context

  5. The DSM-IV • 1952- DSM (aka DSM-I) • 1968- DSM-II • 1980- DSM-III (more quantitative, objective) • 1987- DSM-III-R • 1994- DSM-IV • 2000- DSM-IV-TR

  6. Mental Disorder • Clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern • Distress or disability • Significant risk • Not accepted, culturally sanctioned response to a particular event

  7. Assumptions of the DSM-IV • Classification system based on medical model • Descriptive rather than explanatory • Atheortical orientation • Categorical approach • Multiaxial system

  8. Neurosis • Refers to behavior that involves distressing, unacceptable symptoms that are enduring and lack any physical basis • Not a modern diagnostic term

  9. Psychosis • Refers to various forms of behavior involving a loss of contact with reality, such as delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (false perceptions) • Not a formal diagnostic category, psychotic is retained in the DSM-IV-TR as a descriptive term

  10. Five Axes of the DSM-IV • Axis I- Clinical Disorders • Axis II- Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation • Axis III- General Medical Conditions • Axis IV- Psychosocial and Environmental Problems • Axis V- Global Assessment of Functioning (helps assess prognosis)

  11. Types of Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • Mood Disorders • Somatoform Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • Schizophrenia • Childhood Disorders • Eating Disorders • Sexual Disorders

  12. Diagnostic Process • Client’s Reported and Observable Symptoms • Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis • Final Diagnosis • Case Formulation • Cultural Formulation

  13. Diagnostic Process • Decision Tree- a series of simple yes/no questions in the DSM-IV-TR about a client’s symptoms that lead to a possible diagnosis • Differential Diagnosis- ruling out all possible alternative diagnoses

  14. Cultural Formulation • Culture-Bound Syndromes- particular patterns of behavior in certain cultures, perhaps reflecting cultural themes that date back for centuries

  15. Planning Treatment • Establish Treatment Goals • Immediate • Short-Term • Long-Term

  16. Planning Treatment • Determine Treatment Site • Psychiatric Hospitals • Outpatient Treatment • Halfway Houses and Day Treatment Programs • Guidance Counselors • Employee Assistance Program

  17. Treatment Modality • Individual Psychotherapy • Family Therapy • Group Therapy

  18. Evidence-Based Practice • Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research evidence and clinical expertise in the context of the client’s… • Cultural background • Preferences • Characteristics

  19. Treatment Implementation • The Course of Treatment- Clinician’s Role and Client’s Role • The Outcome of Treatment

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