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Efficient Industrial Heat Cycles: Understanding the Principles and Applications

Explore the fundamentals and applications of industrial heat cycles like the Carnot and Rankine cycles, including their limitations, performance metrics, and relevance in generating electricity using different energy sources. Learn about the key processes involved and how these cycles drive major equipment while maintaining high efficiency.

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Efficient Industrial Heat Cycles: Understanding the Principles and Applications

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  1. Cycles • A series of processes which return a system to its initial state • Heat engine: receives heat; does work • Reversed cycle: cool or heat when work done on system

  2. Limitations • > 100% thermal efficiency • Heat → cold?

  3. Performance • Thermal efficiency • Coefficient of performance • Cooling • Heating

  4. Carnot cycle • Ideal cycle • Four reversible processes • 1→ 2 reversible, adiabatic compression • 2→ 3 reversible, isothermal expansion • 3→ 4 reversible, adiabatic expansion • 4 → 1 reversible, isothermal compression

  5. Carnot cycle • Thermal efficiency • Cooling & heating

  6. Industrial cycles • Models compared to real cycles • Models compared to Carnot cycles • Heat engines • Otto: SIIC • Diesel: CIIC • Brayton: gas turbine, jet engine • Rankine: steam turbine • Reversed cycle • Air conditioning-refrigeration • Heat pump

  7. Rankine Cycle

  8. Rankine Cycle • Generate electricity • Drive major equipment • Vapor power cycle

  9. Rankine cycle • Fossil fuel • Wood • Garbage • Nuclear reaction

  10. Rankine Cycle • Water • Cheap • Available • Stable • Nontoxic • High heat capacity • High heat transfer rate

  11. Rankine cycle • Water pump • Steam generator • Turbine • Condenser

  12. Rankine cycle • Performance • Thermal efficiency • bwr • Steam rate • Heat rate

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