OIE-Listed diseases: Criteria for listing, Disease Notification, and Reporting Obligations

1. OIE-Listed diseases: Criteria for listing, Disease Notification, and Reporting Obligations Seminar forOIE National Focal Points for Aquatic Animals Byblos, Lebanon, 12-14 August 2013 Dr François Caya Head of the OIE Regional Activities Department

2. CONTENT OIE-Listed diseases Criteria for listing Disease notification and reporting obligations

3. 1. OIE List of aquatic animal diseases • A key purpose of listing a disease in the Aquatic Code is to ensure transparency of the aquatic animal health status world-wide, by obliging Member Countries to report its occurrence to OIE. • The OIE collates and disseminates the information received in reports on the status of those listed diseases in Member Countries (WAHIS and WAHID).

4. Chapter 1.3. Diseases Listed by OIE 1.3.1 Diseases of fish (10) • Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis • Infection with Aphanomycesinvadans(Epizootic ulcerative syndrome)* • Infection with Gyrodactylussalaris • Infection with HPR-deleted or HPR0 infectious salmon anaemia virus* • Infection with salmonidalphavirus • Infectious haematopoietic necrosis • Koiherpesvirus disease • Red sea bream iridoviral disease • Spring viraemia of carp • Viral haemorrhagicsepticaemia 1.3.2 Diseases of molluscs (8) Infection with abalone herpesvirus Infection with Bonamiaostreae Infection withBonamiaexitiosa Infection with Marteiliarefringens Infection with ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant Infection with Perkinsusmarinus Infection with Perkinsusolseni Infection withXenohaliotiscaliforniensis

5. Chapter 1.3. Diseases Listed by OIE • 1.3.4 Diseases of amphibians (2) • Infection with Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis • Infection with ranavirus 1.3.3 Diseases of crustaceans (8) • Crayfish plague (Aphanomycesastaci) • Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis • Infectious myonecrosis • Necrotisinghepatopancreatitis • Taura syndrome • White spot disease • White tail disease • Yellow head disease

6. 2. Criteria for listing aquatic animal diseases How is it decided which diseases to list in the Aquatic Code?

7. 2. Criteria for listing aquatic animal diseases Aquatic Code Chapter 1.2.Criteria for Listing Aquatic Animal Diseases www.oie.int

8. 2. Criteria for listing aquatic animal diseases • New article (1.2.1.) providing clarifications regarding the purpose of listing emerging aquatic animal diseases • Article 1.2.2. – Criteria for listing an aquatic animal disease • For diseases listed under this article, a disease-specific Aquatic Code chapter provide standards for safe international trade • Article 1.2.3 – Criteria for listing an emerging aquatic animal disease • For diseases listed under this article, there is no disease-specific Aquatic Code chapter and thus no standards for trade • Trade requirements can be institute only where these are justified by science-based risk assessment • The purpose if listing emerging disease is to collect relevant information so to later consider the listing in accordance with article 1.2.2.

9. 2. Criteria for listing aquatic animal diseases • Criteria for listing an aquatic animal disease: • - Article 1.2.2.

10. 2. Criteria for listing an aquatic animal disease A disease proposed for listing should meet all the relevant criteria as set out in: Consequences Spread Diagnosis Such proposals should be accompanied by a case definition for the disease.

11. 2. Criteria for listing an aquatic animal disease • Consequences • The disease has been shown to cause significant production losses at a national or multinational (zonal or regional) level. • OR • The disease has been shown to or scientific evidence indicates that it is likely to cause significant morbidity or mortality in wild aquatic animal populations. • OR • The agent is of public health concern.

12. 2. Criteria for listing an aquatic animal disease B. Spread Infectious aetiology of the disease is proven. OR An infectious agent is strongly associated with the diseases, but the aetiology is not yet known. AND Likelihood of international spread, including via live animals,their products or fomites. AND Several countries or countries with zones may be declared free of the disease based on the general surveillance principles outlined in Chapter 1.4 of the Aquatic Code.

13. 2. Criteria for listing an aquatic animal disease C. Diagnosis A repeatable and robust means of detection/diagnosis exists.

14. 2. Criteria for listing an emerging aquatic animal disease Emerging disease means a newly recognised infection resulting from the evolution or change of an existing pathogenic agent, a known infection spreading to a new geographic area or population, or a previously unrecognised pathogenic agent or a disease diagnosed for the first time and which has a significant impact on aquatic animal or public health.

15. 2. Criteria for listing an emerging aquatic animal disease Article 1.2.3 A newly recognised disease or a known disease behaving differently may be proposed for listing if it meets the criteria; Such proposals should be accompanied by a case definition for the disease. - Article 1.2.2.

16. 2. Criteria for listing an emerging aquatic animal disease 1. The infectious aetiology of the disease is proven OR 2. An infectious agent is strongly associated with the disease, but the aetiology is not yet known AND 3. The agent is of public health concern OR 4. Significant spread in naive populations of wild or cultured aquatic animals

17. OIE Listed Diseases and Listing Criteria – Summary • Take part in the commenting process for updating the disease list! • 28 aquatic animal diseases listed by OIE (2013): • 10 diseases of fish • 8 disease of molluscs • 8 diseases of crustaceans • 2 diseases of amphibians • Modifications possible on annual basis • Approved at OIE General Session in May • Notification and reporting obligations for new disease listing enters into force on 1st January the following year

18. 3. Disease Notification and Reporting Obligations • Since its creation in 1924 both the OIE and its Members have unconditional duties to disclose all relevant information on animal diseases. • These obligations are stated in The OIE Codes The OIE Organic Statutes (1924)

19. 3. Disease Notification and Reporting Obligations • The OIE Aquatic Code • Chapter 1.1. Notification of Diseases and Epidemiological Information • Article 1.1.2. : ‘Members shallmake available to other Members, through the OIE, whatever information is necessary to minimise the spread of aquatic animal diseases and their aetiological agents and to assist in achieving better worldwide control of these diseases.’

20. Reporting (regular and immediate notification) of aquatic animal diseases does not require the presence of clinical disease or mortality. TheAquatic Code (Article 1.1.2.) clarifies that: ‘The detection of an infectious agent of a listed disease in an aquatic animal should be reported, even in the absence of clinical signs of disease.’ 3. Disease Notification and Reporting Obligations

21. 3. Disease Notification and Reporting Obligations Type of Reports • Immediate notificationof disease, infection or unusual epidemiological events • Weekly reports: Follow-ups to the immediate notification • Final report : - if the outbreaks have ended - if the situation becomes endemic • Six-monthly report • Annual report Early warning Monitoring

22. 3. Disease Notification and Reporting Obligations Six-monthly report The absenceor presence of OIE-listed diseases • Evolution of all listed diseases • Findings of epidemiological importance to other Members with respect to diseases not listed by OIE Annual report The sum of information of the two six-monthly reports of a given year • Non OIE-listed diseases • Human resources in Veterinary Services • National Reference Laboratories • Animal census (by first administrative division) • Zoonoses (human cases and deaths) • Production of vaccines

23. 3. Disease Notification and Reporting Obligations

24. 3. Disease Notification and Reporting Obligations OIE launched the 2nd version of World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) on August 2012.

25. Organisation mondialede la santé animale World Organisationfor Animal Health Organización Mundialde Sanidad Animal Thank you for your attention!! 12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int