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Section 3—Electrical Energy

Section 3—Electrical Energy. To use electrical energy, a complete circuit must be made Series Circuit —current has only one loop to flow through *Used in flashlights and some holiday lights. (Circuit types continued).

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Section 3—Electrical Energy

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  1. Section 3—Electrical Energy • To use electrical energy, a complete circuit must be made • SeriesCircuit—current has only one loop to flow through *Used in flashlights and some holiday lights

  2. (Circuit types continued) • Opencircuit—when any part of a series circuit is disconnected, no current flows through the circuit • Ex: when 1 X-mas bulb is out, the whole string is out!!

  3. Parallel Circuits • Parallelcircuits—contain two or more branches for current to move through. • Advantages: • When one branch of the circuit is opened, the current continues to flow through other branches • Ex: rooms in houses, cars, etc. • Fig. 18 on pg. 210

  4. Household Circuits • In most homes, wiring is organized and logically connected • Wiring is hidden behind walls, under floors, etc. • Standard voltage difference in US is 120 V • There is a main switch and circuit breaker/fuse box for homes • Parallel circuits branch out to rooms/appliances

  5. (more on household circuits) • Many houses draw current from the same circuit • As the amount of current increases, so does the amount of heating in the wires • If wires get too hot, insulation melts and bare wires can cause a fire • For protection, homes have fuses or a circuit breaker

  6. Fuses and Circuit Breakers • Fuses—small pieces of metal that melt if current becomes too high, and causes a break in the circuit, current flow stops • Circuitbreaker—contains a switch to flip and open the circuit, stopping the flow of current/usually can be reset by moving switch to its “on” position

  7. Electrical Power • Electrical power—the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy • Used by appliances/varies • Calculating Power: POWER = CURRENT X VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE OR P(watts) = I (amperes) X V (volts)

  8. Electrical Energy • The amount of electrical energy you use depends on two things: • Power required by appliances in your home • How long the appliances are used • Calculating Energy: • ENERGY = POWER x TIME OR • E(kWh) = P (kW) x T(h)

  9. Kilowatt Hours • Kilowatt-hour = the unit of electrical energy One kilowatt= 1,000 Watts SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS

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