Application Innovations Enabling a Web 3.0 World

1. Application Innovations Enabling a Web 3.0 World David Bishop, Ph.D. LGS COO/CTO December, 2009

2. Outline Application Innovations Enabling a Web 3.0 World: • Network-Aware Application Enablement • Content Centric Networking • Telco Virtualization

3. Invent, analyze, and build disruptive technologies – related to distributed communications and computing infrastructures – that provide a superior foundation for advanced networking products and services. What is Service Infrastructure? • Areas traditionally considered to defineService Infrastructure: • Application-level protocols (e.g. SIP,HTTP, SOAP/XML, RTP, RTSP), • Communication Architectures andMiddleware (e.g. IMS, A-IMS, NGN), • Network Overlays, • Cross-Domain Service Blending, • Cloud Computing, • Content Distribution & Delivery, • Messaging. ServiceInfrastructure Applications Infrastructure Networking

4. Peer-To-Peer & Cloud Computing Client/Server Bridging Applications& Network Strict Separation ofApplications & Network ??? ??? Circuit Switching Packet Switching Towards Network-Aware Application Enablement Disruptive Technologies - Bridging Applications and Network

5. Peer-To-Peer & Cloud Computing Client/Server Bridging Applications& Network Strict Separation ofApplications & Network ??? ??? Circuit Switching Packet Switching Break through the layered architecture, creating infrastructure elementsthat intertwine network knowledge and application knowledgeto tame the onslaught of content, devices, and service complexity. Towards Network-Aware Application Enablement Disruptive Technologies - Bridging Applications and Network

6. Space Airborne Maneuver UnattendedGround Information Access in Today’s Network • Today’s network: host-oriented data access • Always assume end-to-end connectivity: content source  requester • Only knows finding/authenticating data according to the content source Connection failure Jamming attack Battle Group Command Center (BGCC) Battln B’s pos?Try: 1.3.2.2 1.3.2.2 End-to-end connectivity Battln B’s pos?Try: 1.3.2.2 1.2.3.4 Sensor reading: Try: 1.2.3.4 Battalion A Battalion B Situation-awarenessdata gathering Sensors

7. Space Airborne Battle Group Command Center (BGCC) Maneuver Battalion B UnattendedGround Sensors Content Centric Networking • Simple, unified, flexible communication architecture • Data is requested by name using any means available • Any node that hears the request with a valid copy of the data can respond • The returned data is signed, and optionally secured Jamming attack Battln-B/pos Battln-A/sensor Content-centric networking Battln-B/pos Battln-A/sensor Battalion A Situation-awarenessdata gathering

8. Content Centric Networking • Key design philosophy • Data has a name, not a location • Improved data availability using data replication • Robust to node mobility/failure, network failure, attacks • Integrity and trust are derived from the data, not the channel it arrives on • Anything that moves bits in time or space can and will be used to communicate • Data access is not limited by network topology (or end-to-end connectivity) • CCN removes many layers of management infrastructure • Energy efficient content delivery in wireless networks: • TODAY: one has to go through long-range wireless comms (3G, LTE) • Even if one can get the same data from one’s neighbors using Bluetooth • CCN: given named content, chooses an energy efficient interface

9. Telco Virtualization aka Cloud Computing • Today, equipment vendors are selling dedicated, specialized boxes to service providers. • Service providers build their networks from the ground up using dedicated equipment for services (e.g., LTE, IMS). • The hardware running these networks and services is dimensioned to meet the peak demand. • This model requires every service provider to build up the entire network stack and service infrastructure. • Resources need to planned very carefully according to the estimated future maximum demand. • Deployment of new capacity and services is a costly and slow process. • Resources cannot be shared across services within a service provider and across service providers creating inefficiencies. • The goal of Telco Virtualization is to overcome these limitations by enabling service providers to use commodity hardware to run own and hosted services.

10. Sprint VZ AT&T High initial investment, limited opportunities for changes and expansion. The Evolution of Telco- and Web-Services Books.com • Early days of the Web: • Application providers owned and operated servers, applications and managed customers. • Traditional service providers: • Own and operate infrastructure, applications, spectrum, ensure connectivity and manage customer relations. Branding, Marketing, Customer Application SW, Intelligence Connectivity ….. Specialized Edge (RAN, ..) Network, computing Infrastructure

11. Brand MVNO Sprint Ericsson Reduced market entry barrier and lower cost of operations. Something is Changing…… A Move Away from Monolithic Systems Books.com Flowers.com • Classic Web Services: • Buy server and network capacity from Web-hoster. • Develop applications and manage customers. • Web-hoster owns and operates servers. • Development in service provider market: • MVNO* provides phone service w/o owning the infrastructure. • Service providers outsource operation and management of the network to vendors(e.g., Ericsson/Sprint). Hosting Service *Mobile Virtual Network Operator

12. Tomorrow: Telco Virtualization Books.com Flowers.com • Web Services today: • Develop applications and deploy them on a cloud. • Add resources on the go. • Cloud operator owns and operates infrastructure. • Telco Virtualization: • Minimize specialized hardware to whatis necessary (e.g., DSLAMs, routers, radio towers). • Most Telco services are preformed in software running in clouds on commodity computers. • New services can be hosted on the cloud. Cloud Service VZ xxx AT&T Sprint Telco Applications as_a_Service Connectivity_as_a_Service Infrastructure_as_a_Service Very low initial costs, highly effective resource utilization, support for emerging business models.

13. Enabling Telco VirtualizationNew Technology Leads to Resource Distribution Self-Contained Telco Telco + Web Cloud Virtual Telco Network-Location Targeted Resources Web Cloud Dedicated Infrastructures Telco Core Infrastructure Web Cloud Geo-Location Targeted Resources Cheap shared resources Cheap shared resources User Demand User Demand Unhappy customers User Demand Cheap idle resources Costly idle resources Costly idle resources t t t Expensive, specialized resources Expensive, specialized resources Expensive, specialized resources Inexpensive shared resources Inexpensive shared resources Inexpensive resources leveraging local network capabilities. $$$$ $$$ $

14. Enabling Telco VirtualizationNew Technology Leads to Market Disruption Key Disruptions • Telco hardware investment diversifies—buy more shared services and fewer dedicated resources, focused deployment of specialized hardware • Telco investment in software and services increases • New market landscape—new players enter market; holders of specialized and/or shared resources compete with traditional equipment vendors; telcos’ role divided/reduced Developing Innovations to Enable Telco Virtualization • Software development/execution environment for dynamic task assignment to virtual resources • Inherently scalable applications, applications dynamically reconfigure without disruption • Algorithms to configure, assign, re-assign tasks/resources • Reliable execution on a collection of unreliable resources • Algorithms to monitor tasks, resource work loads • Timely response to changing demands, assemble required resources in real-time

15. Summary and Conclusions • Remarkable Set of Physical Layer Technologies are being Developed for Web 2.0/3.0 Networks • However, the Networking Technologies are also Evolving with Fundamental New Concepts such as CCN and Telco Virtualization. At the end of the day, these may be more important than the physical layer technologies in terms of their impact on the web and how we will communicate using it. • Together They are Enabling a World of Ubiquitous Communications • Anywhere, Anytime • Realize the Dream of Broadband Access to the Soldier, Sailor Airman or Marine